jiayuasu commented on code in PR #10981:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/10981#discussion_r1879088058


##########
format/spec.md:
##########
@@ -1633,3 +1656,15 @@ might indicate different snapshot IDs for a specific 
timestamp. The discrepancie
 
 When processing point in time queries implementations should use 
"snapshot-log" metadata to lookup the table state at the given point in time. 
This ensures time-travel queries reflect the state of the table at the provided 
timestamp. For example a SQL query like `SELECT * FROM prod.db.table TIMESTAMP 
AS OF '1986-10-26 01:21:00Z';` would find the snapshot of the Iceberg table 
just prior to '1986-10-26 01:21:00 UTC' in the snapshot logs and use the 
metadata from that snapshot to perform the scan of the table. If no  snapshot 
exists prior to the timestamp given or "snapshot-log" is not populated (it is 
an optional field), then systems should raise an informative error message 
about the missing metadata.
 
+## Appendix G: Geospatial Notes
+
+The Geometry class hierarchy and its WKT and WKB serializations (ISO 
supporting XY, XYZ, XYM, XYZM) are defined by [OpenGIS Implementation 
Specification for Geographic information – Simple feature access – Part 1: 
Common architecture](https://portal.ogc.org/files/?artifact_id=25355), from 
[OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium)](https://www.ogc.org/standard/sfa/).
+
+The version of the OGC standard first used here is 1.2.1, but future versions 
may also used if the WKB representation remains wire-compatible.
+
+Possible values for edge-interpolation algorithm (A) for `geography` types are:
+* `spherical`: edges are interpolated as geodesics on a sphere. The radius of 
the underlying sphere is the mean radius of the spheroid defined by the CRS, 
defined as (2 * major_axis_length + minor_axis_length / 3).
+* `vincenty`: 
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenty%27s_formulae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenty%27s_formulae)
+* `andoyer-lambert-thomas`
+* `andoyer-lambert`
+* `karney`

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
   * `karney`: [Karney, Charles FF. "Algorithms for geodesics." Journal of 
Geodesy 87 (2013): 
43-55](https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00190-012-0578-z.pdf), 
and [GeographicLib](https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/)
   ```



##########
format/spec.md:
##########
@@ -1633,3 +1656,15 @@ might indicate different snapshot IDs for a specific 
timestamp. The discrepancie
 
 When processing point in time queries implementations should use 
"snapshot-log" metadata to lookup the table state at the given point in time. 
This ensures time-travel queries reflect the state of the table at the provided 
timestamp. For example a SQL query like `SELECT * FROM prod.db.table TIMESTAMP 
AS OF '1986-10-26 01:21:00Z';` would find the snapshot of the Iceberg table 
just prior to '1986-10-26 01:21:00 UTC' in the snapshot logs and use the 
metadata from that snapshot to perform the scan of the table. If no  snapshot 
exists prior to the timestamp given or "snapshot-log" is not populated (it is 
an optional field), then systems should raise an informative error message 
about the missing metadata.
 
+## Appendix G: Geospatial Notes
+
+The Geometry class hierarchy and its WKT and WKB serializations (ISO 
supporting XY, XYZ, XYM, XYZM) are defined by [OpenGIS Implementation 
Specification for Geographic information – Simple feature access – Part 1: 
Common architecture](https://portal.ogc.org/files/?artifact_id=25355), from 
[OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium)](https://www.ogc.org/standard/sfa/).
+
+The version of the OGC standard first used here is 1.2.1, but future versions 
may also used if the WKB representation remains wire-compatible.
+
+Possible values for edge-interpolation algorithm (A) for `geography` types are:
+* `spherical`: edges are interpolated as geodesics on a sphere. The radius of 
the underlying sphere is the mean radius of the spheroid defined by the CRS, 
defined as (2 * major_axis_length + minor_axis_length / 3).
+* `vincenty`: 
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenty%27s_formulae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenty%27s_formulae)
+* `andoyer-lambert-thomas`

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
   * `andoyer-lambert-thomas`: Thomas, Paul D. Spheroidal geodesics, reference 
systems, & local geometry. US Naval Oceanographic Office, 1970.
   ```



##########
format/spec.md:
##########
@@ -1633,3 +1656,15 @@ might indicate different snapshot IDs for a specific 
timestamp. The discrepancie
 
 When processing point in time queries implementations should use 
"snapshot-log" metadata to lookup the table state at the given point in time. 
This ensures time-travel queries reflect the state of the table at the provided 
timestamp. For example a SQL query like `SELECT * FROM prod.db.table TIMESTAMP 
AS OF '1986-10-26 01:21:00Z';` would find the snapshot of the Iceberg table 
just prior to '1986-10-26 01:21:00 UTC' in the snapshot logs and use the 
metadata from that snapshot to perform the scan of the table. If no  snapshot 
exists prior to the timestamp given or "snapshot-log" is not populated (it is 
an optional field), then systems should raise an informative error message 
about the missing metadata.
 
+## Appendix G: Geospatial Notes
+
+The Geometry class hierarchy and its WKT and WKB serializations (ISO 
supporting XY, XYZ, XYM, XYZM) are defined by [OpenGIS Implementation 
Specification for Geographic information – Simple feature access – Part 1: 
Common architecture](https://portal.ogc.org/files/?artifact_id=25355), from 
[OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium)](https://www.ogc.org/standard/sfa/).
+
+The version of the OGC standard first used here is 1.2.1, but future versions 
may also used if the WKB representation remains wire-compatible.
+
+Possible values for edge-interpolation algorithm (A) for `geography` types are:
+* `spherical`: edges are interpolated as geodesics on a sphere. The radius of 
the underlying sphere is the mean radius of the spheroid defined by the CRS, 
defined as (2 * major_axis_length + minor_axis_length / 3).
+* `vincenty`: 
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenty%27s_formulae](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenty%27s_formulae)
+* `andoyer-lambert-thomas`
+* `andoyer-lambert`

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
   * `andoyer-lambert`: Thomas, Paul D. Mathematical models for navigation 
systems. US Naval Oceanographic Office, 1965.
   ```



##########
format/spec.md:
##########
@@ -1633,3 +1656,15 @@ might indicate different snapshot IDs for a specific 
timestamp. The discrepancie
 
 When processing point in time queries implementations should use 
"snapshot-log" metadata to lookup the table state at the given point in time. 
This ensures time-travel queries reflect the state of the table at the provided 
timestamp. For example a SQL query like `SELECT * FROM prod.db.table TIMESTAMP 
AS OF '1986-10-26 01:21:00Z';` would find the snapshot of the Iceberg table 
just prior to '1986-10-26 01:21:00 UTC' in the snapshot logs and use the 
metadata from that snapshot to perform the scan of the table. If no  snapshot 
exists prior to the timestamp given or "snapshot-log" is not populated (it is 
an optional field), then systems should raise an informative error message 
about the missing metadata.
 
+## Appendix G: Geospatial Notes
+
+The Geometry class hierarchy and its WKT and WKB serializations (ISO 
supporting XY, XYZ, XYM, XYZM) are defined by [OpenGIS Implementation 
Specification for Geographic information – Simple feature access – Part 1: 
Common architecture](https://portal.ogc.org/files/?artifact_id=25355), from 
[OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium)](https://www.ogc.org/standard/sfa/).
+
+The version of the OGC standard first used here is 1.2.1, but future versions 
may also used if the WKB representation remains wire-compatible.
+

Review Comment:
   I suggest we put this back as we all agreed during the emails and meetings. 
This will make things much easier. E.g., readers of the geometry data can 
filter bbox based on min/max directly without needing to know the lon/lat order 
in CRS.



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