stevenzwu commented on code in PR #10678:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/10678#discussion_r1702369242


##########
api/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/types/TypeUtil.java:
##########
@@ -182,11 +181,10 @@ public static Map<Integer, String> indexQuotedNameById(
   }
 
   public static Map<String, Integer> indexByLowerCaseName(Types.StructType 
struct) {
-    Map<String, Integer> indexByLowerCaseName = Maps.newHashMap();
+    ImmutableMap.Builder<String, Integer> builder = ImmutableMap.builder();
     indexByName(struct)
-        .forEach(
-            (name, integer) -> 
indexByLowerCaseName.put(name.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT), integer));
-    return indexByLowerCaseName;
+        .forEach((name, integer) -> builder.put(name.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT), 
integer));
+    return builder.buildOrThrow();

Review Comment:
   Instead of depending on ImmutableMap builder for the dup check, I am 
wondering if we should handle the collision check here in order to throw an 
exception with more informative error msg than `IllegalArgumentException: 
Multiple entries with same key: a=2 and a=1`. E.g., the error msg can be sth 
like `Unable to build case insensitive mapping from field name to field id 
because two fields have the same lower case name...`. We can also get the 
original field name since we know the two field ids and have the original 
schema/struct.
   
   also let's add Javadoc to this method to document the behavior under 
collision.



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