msokolov commented on a change in pull request #416:
URL: https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/416#discussion_r752476787



##########
File path: lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/util/hnsw/HnswGraph.java
##########
@@ -56,31 +59,50 @@
 public final class HnswGraph extends KnnGraphValues {
 
   private final int maxConn;
+  private int numLevels; // the current number of levels in the graph
+  private int entryNode; // the current graph entry node on the top level
 
-  // Each entry lists the top maxConn neighbors of a node. The nodes 
correspond to vectors added to
-  // HnswBuilder, and the
-  // node values are the ordinals of those vectors.
-  private final List<NeighborArray> graph;
+  // Nodes by level expressed as the level 0's nodes' ordinals.
+  // As level 0 contains all nodes, nodesByLevel.get(0) is null.
+  private final List<int[]> nodesByLevel;
+
+  // graph is a list of graph levels.
+  // Each level is represented as List<NeighborArray> – nodes' connections on 
this level.
+  // Each entry in the list has the top maxConn neighbors of a node. The nodes 
correspond to vectors
+  // added to HnswBuilder, and the node values are the ordinals of those 
vectors.
+  // Thus, on all levels, neighbors expressed as the level 0's nodes' ordinals.
+  private final List<List<NeighborArray>> graph;
 
   // KnnGraphValues iterator members
   private int upto;
   private NeighborArray cur;
 
-  HnswGraph(int maxConn) {
-    graph = new ArrayList<>();
-    // Typically with diversity criteria we see nodes not fully occupied; 
average fanout seems to be
-    // about 1/2 maxConn. There is some indexing time penalty for 
under-allocating, but saves RAM
-    graph.add(new NeighborArray(Math.max(32, maxConn / 4)));
+  HnswGraph(int maxConn, int levelOfFirstNode) {
     this.maxConn = maxConn;
+    this.numLevels = levelOfFirstNode + 1;
+    this.graph = new ArrayList<>(numLevels);
+    this.entryNode = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < numLevels; i++) {
+      graph.add(new ArrayList<>());
+      // Typically with diversity criteria we see nodes not fully occupied;
+      // average fanout seems to be about 1/2 maxConn.
+      // There is some indexing time penalty for under-allocating, but saves 
RAM
+      graph.get(i).add(new NeighborArray(Math.max(32, maxConn / 4)));

Review comment:
       heh, this makes no sense at all! Git-spelunking, it looks like I added 
this fancy dancing when adding the diversity criteria, but overlooked `addNode` 
- which does the majority of the allocation! It could be worth taking a lok to 
see if we can cheaply save some RAM




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