Jackie-Jiang commented on code in PR #10234:
URL: https://github.com/apache/pinot/pull/10234#discussion_r1117748110


##########
pinot-spi/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/spi/config/table/UpsertConfig.java:
##########
@@ -154,10 +135,22 @@ public void setDefaultPartialUpsertStrategy(Strategy 
defaultPartialUpsertStrateg
    * same primary key, the record with the larger value of the time column is 
picked as the
    * latest update.
    * However, there are cases when users need to use another column to 
determine the order.
-   * In such case, you can use option comparisonColumn to override the column 
used for comparison.
+   * In such case, you can use option comparisonColumn to override the column 
used for comparison. When using
+   * multiple comparison columns, typically in the case of partial upserts, it 
is expected that input documents will
+   * each only have a singular non-null comparisonColumn. Multiple non-null 
values in an input document _will_ result
+   * in undefined behaviour. Typically, one comparisonColumn is allocated per 
distinct producer application of data
+   * in the case where there are multiple producers sinking to the same table.
    */
+  public void setComparisonColumns(List<String> comparisonColumns) {

Review Comment:
   Consider adding a check here to prevent user from setting empty list



##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/indexsegment/mutable/MutableSegmentImpl.java:
##########
@@ -558,15 +560,39 @@ private RecordInfo getRecordInfo(GenericRow row, int 
docId) {
     PrimaryKey primaryKey = row.getPrimaryKey(_schema.getPrimaryKeyColumns());
 
     if (isUpsertEnabled()) {
-      Object upsertComparisonValue = row.getValue(_upsertComparisonColumn);
-      Preconditions.checkState(upsertComparisonValue instanceof Comparable,
-          "Upsert comparison column: %s must be comparable", 
_upsertComparisonColumn);
-      return new RecordInfo(primaryKey, docId, (Comparable) 
upsertComparisonValue);
+      if (_upsertComparisonColumns.size() > 1) {
+        return multiComparisonRecordInfo(primaryKey, docId, row);
+      }
+      Comparable comparisonValue = (Comparable) 
row.getValue(_upsertComparisonColumns.get(0));
+      return new RecordInfo(primaryKey, docId, comparisonValue);
     }
 
     return new RecordInfo(primaryKey, docId, null);
   }
 
+  private RecordInfo multiComparisonRecordInfo(PrimaryKey primaryKey, int 
docId, GenericRow row) {
+    Comparable[] comparisonColumns = new 
Comparable[_upsertComparisonColumns.size()];
+
+    int i = -1;
+    for (String columnName : _upsertComparisonColumns) {
+      i++;

Review Comment:
   (minor) More readable
   ```suggestion
       int numComparisonColumns = _upsertComparisonColumns.size();
       Comparable[] comparisonValues = new Comparable[numComparisonColumns];
       for (int i = 0; i < numComparisonColumns; i++) {
         String columnName = _upsertComparisonColumns.get(i);
   ```



##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/indexsegment/mutable/MutableSegmentImpl.java:
##########
@@ -558,15 +560,39 @@ private RecordInfo getRecordInfo(GenericRow row, int 
docId) {
     PrimaryKey primaryKey = row.getPrimaryKey(_schema.getPrimaryKeyColumns());
 
     if (isUpsertEnabled()) {
-      Object upsertComparisonValue = row.getValue(_upsertComparisonColumn);
-      Preconditions.checkState(upsertComparisonValue instanceof Comparable,
-          "Upsert comparison column: %s must be comparable", 
_upsertComparisonColumn);
-      return new RecordInfo(primaryKey, docId, (Comparable) 
upsertComparisonValue);
+      if (_upsertComparisonColumns.size() > 1) {
+        return multiComparisonRecordInfo(primaryKey, docId, row);
+      }
+      Comparable comparisonValue = (Comparable) 
row.getValue(_upsertComparisonColumns.get(0));
+      return new RecordInfo(primaryKey, docId, comparisonValue);
     }
 
     return new RecordInfo(primaryKey, docId, null);
   }
 
+  private RecordInfo multiComparisonRecordInfo(PrimaryKey primaryKey, int 
docId, GenericRow row) {
+    Comparable[] comparisonColumns = new 
Comparable[_upsertComparisonColumns.size()];
+
+    int i = -1;
+    for (String columnName : _upsertComparisonColumns) {
+      i++;
+      Object comparisonValue = row.getValue(columnName);
+
+      Preconditions.checkState(comparisonValue instanceof Comparable,
+          "Upsert comparison column: %s must be comparable", columnName);
+
+      if (row.isNullValue(columnName)) {
+        // Inbound records may only have exactly 1 non-null value in one of 
the comparison column i.e. comparison
+        // columns are mutually exclusive
+        comparisonColumns[i] = null;
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      comparisonColumns[i] = (Comparable) comparisonValue;

Review Comment:
   Check `null` first, then read value only if it is not `null`
   ```suggestion
         if (!row.isNullValue(columnName)) {
           Object comparisonValue = row.getValue(columnName);
           ...
           comparisonColumns[i] = (Comparable) comparisonValue;
         }
   ```



##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/upsert/ComparisonColumns.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.segment.local.upsert;
+
+
+@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+public class ComparisonColumns implements Comparable<ComparisonColumns> {
+  private Comparable[] _comparisonColumns;
+
+  public ComparisonColumns(Comparable[] comparisonColumns) {
+    _comparisonColumns = comparisonColumns;
+  }
+
+  public Comparable[] getComparisonColumns() {
+    return _comparisonColumns;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int compareTo(ComparisonColumns other) {
+    // _comparisonColumns should only at most one non-null comparison value. 
If not, it is the user's responsibility.
+    // There is no attempt to guarantee behavior in the case where there are 
multiple non-null values
+    int comparisonResult;
+    int comparableIndex = getComparableIndex();
+
+    if (comparableIndex < 0) {
+      // All comparison values were null.  This record is only ok to keep if 
all prior values were also null
+      comparisonResult = 1;
+      for (int i = 0; i < other.getComparisonColumns().length; i++) {
+        if (other.getComparisonColumns()[i] != null) {
+          comparisonResult = -1;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      Comparable comparisonValue = _comparisonColumns[comparableIndex];
+      Comparable otherComparisonValue = 
other.getComparisonColumns()[comparableIndex];
+
+      if (otherComparisonValue == null) {
+        // Keep this record because the existing record has no value for the 
same comparison column, therefore the
+        // (lack of) existing value could not possibly cause the new value to 
be rejected.
+        comparisonResult = 1;
+      } else {
+        comparisonResult = comparisonValue.compareTo(otherComparisonValue);
+      }

Review Comment:
   Let's also add a TODO here to mention the modification within `compareTo()`



##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/indexsegment/mutable/MutableSegmentImpl.java:
##########
@@ -558,15 +560,39 @@ private RecordInfo getRecordInfo(GenericRow row, int 
docId) {
     PrimaryKey primaryKey = row.getPrimaryKey(_schema.getPrimaryKeyColumns());
 
     if (isUpsertEnabled()) {
-      Object upsertComparisonValue = row.getValue(_upsertComparisonColumn);
-      Preconditions.checkState(upsertComparisonValue instanceof Comparable,
-          "Upsert comparison column: %s must be comparable", 
_upsertComparisonColumn);
-      return new RecordInfo(primaryKey, docId, (Comparable) 
upsertComparisonValue);
+      if (_upsertComparisonColumns.size() > 1) {
+        return multiComparisonRecordInfo(primaryKey, docId, row);
+      }
+      Comparable comparisonValue = (Comparable) 
row.getValue(_upsertComparisonColumns.get(0));
+      return new RecordInfo(primaryKey, docId, comparisonValue);
     }
 
     return new RecordInfo(primaryKey, docId, null);
   }
 
+  private RecordInfo multiComparisonRecordInfo(PrimaryKey primaryKey, int 
docId, GenericRow row) {
+    Comparable[] comparisonColumns = new 
Comparable[_upsertComparisonColumns.size()];
+
+    int i = -1;
+    for (String columnName : _upsertComparisonColumns) {
+      i++;
+      Object comparisonValue = row.getValue(columnName);
+
+      Preconditions.checkState(comparisonValue instanceof Comparable,
+          "Upsert comparison column: %s must be comparable", columnName);
+
+      if (row.isNullValue(columnName)) {
+        // Inbound records may only have exactly 1 non-null value in one of 
the comparison column i.e. comparison

Review Comment:
   Do we want to enforce this? If so, we should probably add a check



##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/upsert/ComparisonColumns.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.segment.local.upsert;
+
+
+@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+public class ComparisonColumns implements Comparable<ComparisonColumns> {
+  private Comparable[] _comparisonColumns;

Review Comment:
   (minor) Suggest renaming it to `_values`



##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/upsert/ComparisonColumns.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.segment.local.upsert;
+
+
+@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+public class ComparisonColumns implements Comparable<ComparisonColumns> {
+  private Comparable[] _comparisonColumns;
+
+  public ComparisonColumns(Comparable[] comparisonColumns) {
+    _comparisonColumns = comparisonColumns;
+  }
+
+  public Comparable[] getComparisonColumns() {
+    return _comparisonColumns;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int compareTo(ComparisonColumns other) {
+    // _comparisonColumns should only at most one non-null comparison value. 
If not, it is the user's responsibility.
+    // There is no attempt to guarantee behavior in the case where there are 
multiple non-null values
+    int comparisonResult;
+    int comparableIndex = getComparableIndex();
+
+    if (comparableIndex < 0) {
+      // All comparison values were null.  This record is only ok to keep if 
all prior values were also null
+      comparisonResult = 1;
+      for (int i = 0; i < other.getComparisonColumns().length; i++) {
+        if (other.getComparisonColumns()[i] != null) {
+          comparisonResult = -1;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      Comparable comparisonValue = _comparisonColumns[comparableIndex];
+      Comparable otherComparisonValue = 
other.getComparisonColumns()[comparableIndex];
+
+      if (otherComparisonValue == null) {
+        // Keep this record because the existing record has no value for the 
same comparison column, therefore the
+        // (lack of) existing value could not possibly cause the new value to 
be rejected.
+        comparisonResult = 1;
+      } else {
+        comparisonResult = comparisonValue.compareTo(otherComparisonValue);
+      }

Review Comment:
   Since we already know the `comparableIndex`, we may simplify this part to 
just copy other values to the current value array
   ```
         }
         if (comparisonResult >= 0) {
           for (int i = 0; i < _values.length; i++) {
             if (i != comparableIndex) {
               _values[i] = other._values[i];
             }
           }
         }
   ```



##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/upsert/MultiComparisonColumnReader.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.segment.local.upsert;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.TreeMap;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.local.segment.readers.PinotSegmentColumnReader;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.IndexSegment;
+
+
+@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
+public class MultiComparisonColumnReader implements 
UpsertUtils.ComparisonColumnReader {
+  private final Map<String, PinotSegmentColumnReader> _comparisonColumnReaders;
+
+  public MultiComparisonColumnReader(IndexSegment segment, List<String> 
comparisonColumns) {
+    _comparisonColumnReaders = new TreeMap<>();

Review Comment:
   More performant if we keep a list of `PinotSegmentColumnReader`s



##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/upsert/UpsertUtils.java:
##########
@@ -75,19 +75,32 @@ public RecordInfo next() {
     };
   }
 
+  public static RecordInfoReader makeRecordReader(IndexSegment segment, 
List<String> primaryKeyColumns,
+      List<String> comparisonColumns) {
+
+    if (comparisonColumns.size() > 1) {
+      return new RecordInfoReader(segment, primaryKeyColumns, 
comparisonColumns);
+    }
+    return new RecordInfoReader(segment, primaryKeyColumns, 
comparisonColumns.get(0));
+  }
+
   public static class RecordInfoReader implements Closeable {
     public final PrimaryKeyReader _primaryKeyReader;
-    public final PinotSegmentColumnReader _comparisonColumnReader;
+    public final ComparisonColumnReader _comparisonColumnReader;

Review Comment:
   Let's also move `SingleComparisonColumnReader` and 
`MultiComparisonColumnReader` into this class as inner class



##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/upsert/ComparisonColumns.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.segment.local.upsert;
+
+
+@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+public class ComparisonColumns implements Comparable<ComparisonColumns> {
+  private Comparable[] _comparisonColumns;
+
+  public ComparisonColumns(Comparable[] comparisonColumns) {
+    _comparisonColumns = comparisonColumns;
+  }
+
+  public Comparable[] getComparisonColumns() {
+    return _comparisonColumns;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int compareTo(ComparisonColumns other) {
+    // _comparisonColumns should only at most one non-null comparison value. 
If not, it is the user's responsibility.
+    // There is no attempt to guarantee behavior in the case where there are 
multiple non-null values
+    int comparisonResult;
+    int comparableIndex = getComparableIndex();
+
+    if (comparableIndex < 0) {
+      // All comparison values were null.  This record is only ok to keep if 
all prior values were also null

Review Comment:
   Is this allowed? Should we just ignore this record (return -1)



##########
pinot-segment-local/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/local/upsert/ComparisonColumns.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.segment.local.upsert;
+
+
+@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes", "unchecked"})
+public class ComparisonColumns implements Comparable<ComparisonColumns> {
+  private Comparable[] _comparisonColumns;
+
+  public ComparisonColumns(Comparable[] comparisonColumns) {
+    _comparisonColumns = comparisonColumns;
+  }
+
+  public Comparable[] getComparisonColumns() {
+    return _comparisonColumns;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int compareTo(ComparisonColumns other) {
+    // _comparisonColumns should only at most one non-null comparison value. 
If not, it is the user's responsibility.
+    // There is no attempt to guarantee behavior in the case where there are 
multiple non-null values
+    int comparisonResult;
+    int comparableIndex = getComparableIndex();
+
+    if (comparableIndex < 0) {
+      // All comparison values were null.  This record is only ok to keep if 
all prior values were also null
+      comparisonResult = 1;
+      for (int i = 0; i < other.getComparisonColumns().length; i++) {
+        if (other.getComparisonColumns()[i] != null) {
+          comparisonResult = -1;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      Comparable comparisonValue = _comparisonColumns[comparableIndex];
+      Comparable otherComparisonValue = 
other.getComparisonColumns()[comparableIndex];
+
+      if (otherComparisonValue == null) {
+        // Keep this record because the existing record has no value for the 
same comparison column, therefore the
+        // (lack of) existing value could not possibly cause the new value to 
be rejected.
+        comparisonResult = 1;
+      } else {
+        comparisonResult = comparisonValue.compareTo(otherComparisonValue);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (comparisonResult >= 0) {
+      _comparisonColumns = merge(other.getComparisonColumns(), 
_comparisonColumns);
+    }
+
+    return comparisonResult;
+  }
+
+  private int getComparableIndex() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < _comparisonColumns.length; i++) {
+      if (_comparisonColumns[i] == null) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      return i;
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  public static Comparable[] merge(Comparable[] current, Comparable[] next) {
+    // Create a shallow copy so {@param current} is unmodified

Review Comment:
   No need to create a copy here since the merge is happening in-place anyway. 
We can actually change the return to `void` to make it explicit that the merge 
is happening in-place



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