danny0405 commented on code in PR #18350:
URL: https://github.com/apache/hudi/pull/18350#discussion_r3049229411


##########
hudi-client/hudi-client-common/src/main/java/org/apache/hudi/client/transaction/TransactionManager.java:
##########
@@ -41,40 +46,166 @@ public class TransactionManager implements Serializable, 
AutoCloseable {
   protected final LockManager lockManager;
   @Getter
   protected final boolean isLockRequired;
+  private final transient TimeGenerator timeGenerator;
+  private volatile long lockHolderId; // lock holder ID
+  private int permits;                // allows for nested transaction
   protected Option<HoodieInstant> changeActionInstant = Option.empty();
   private Option<HoodieInstant> lastCompletedActionInstant = Option.empty();
 
   public TransactionManager(HoodieWriteConfig config, HoodieStorage storage) {
-    this(new LockManager(config, storage), config.isLockRequired());
+    this(config, new LockManager(config, storage));
   }
 
-  protected TransactionManager(LockManager lockManager, boolean 
isLockRequired) {
+  protected TransactionManager(HoodieWriteConfig writeConfig, LockManager 
lockManager) {
+    this(lockManager, writeConfig.isLockRequired(), 
TimeGenerators.getTimeGenerator(writeConfig.getTimeGeneratorConfig()));
+  }
+
+  public TransactionManager(LockManager lockManager, boolean isLockRequired, 
TimeGenerator timeGenerator) {
     this.lockManager = lockManager;
     this.isLockRequired = isLockRequired;
+    this.timeGenerator = timeGenerator;
+    this.lockHolderId = -1;
+    this.permits = 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Caution: the invoker needs to ensure that API called within a lock 
context.
+   */
+  public String generateInstantTime() {
+    if (lockHolderId < 0 && isLockRequired) {
+      throw new HoodieLockException("Cannot create instant without acquiring a 
lock first.");
+    }
+    return HoodieInstantTimeGenerator.createNewInstantTime(timeGenerator, 0L);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Generates an instant time and executes an action that requires that 
instant time within a lock.
+   * @param instantTimeConsumingAction a function that takes the generated 
instant time and performs some action
+   * @return the result of the action
+   * @param <T> type of the result
+   */
+  public <T> T executeStateChangeWithInstant(Function<String, T> 
instantTimeConsumingAction) {
+    return executeStateChangeWithInstant(Option.empty(), Option.empty(), 
instantTimeConsumingAction);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Uses the provided instant if present or else generates an instant time 
and executes an action that requires that instant time within a lock.
+   * @param providedInstantTime an optional instant time provided by the 
caller. If not provided, a new instant time will be generated.
+   * @param instantTimeConsumingAction a function that takes the generated 
instant time and performs some action
+   * @return the result of the action
+   * @param <T> type of the result
+   */
+  public <T> T executeStateChangeWithInstant(Option<String> 
providedInstantTime, Function<String, T> instantTimeConsumingAction) {
+    return executeStateChangeWithInstant(providedInstantTime, Option.empty(), 
instantTimeConsumingAction);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Uses the provided instant if present or else generates an instant time 
and executes an action that requires that instant time within a lock.
+   * @param providedInstantTime an optional instant time provided by the 
caller. If not provided, a new instant time will be generated.
+   * @param lastCompletedActionInstant optional input representing the last 
completed instant, used for logging purposes.
+   * @param instantTimeConsumingAction a function that takes the generated 
instant time and performs some action
+   * @return the result of the action
+   * @param <T> type of the result
+   */
+  public <T> T executeStateChangeWithInstant(Option<String> 
providedInstantTime, Option<HoodieInstant> lastCompletedActionInstant, 
Function<String, T> instantTimeConsumingAction) {
+    if (isLockRequired()) {
+      acquireLock();
+    }
+    String requestedInstant = providedInstantTime.orElseGet(() -> 
HoodieInstantTimeGenerator.createNewInstantTime(timeGenerator, 0L));
+    try {
+      if (lastCompletedActionInstant.isEmpty()) {
+        LOG.info("State change starting for {}", changeActionInstant);
+      } else {
+        LOG.info("State change starting for {} with latest completed action 
instant {}", changeActionInstant, lastCompletedActionInstant.get());
+      }
+      return instantTimeConsumingAction.apply(requestedInstant);
+    } finally {
+      if (isLockRequired()) {
+        releaseLock();
+        LOG.info("State change ended for {}", requestedInstant);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void beginStateChange() {
+    beginStateChange(Option.empty(), Option.empty());
   }
 
   public void beginStateChange(Option<HoodieInstant> changeActionInstant,
                                Option<HoodieInstant> 
lastCompletedActionInstant) {
     if (isLockRequired) {
       LOG.info("State change starting for {} with latest completed action 
instant {}",
           changeActionInstant, lastCompletedActionInstant);
-      lockManager.lock();
+      acquireLock();
       reset(this.changeActionInstant, changeActionInstant, 
lastCompletedActionInstant);
       LOG.info("State change started for {} with latest completed action 
instant {}",
           changeActionInstant, lastCompletedActionInstant);
     }
   }
 
+  public void endStateChange() {
+    endStateChange(Option.empty());
+  }
+
   public void endStateChange(Option<HoodieInstant> changeActionInstant) {
     if (isLockRequired) {
       LOG.info("State change ending for action instant {}", 
changeActionInstant);
       if (reset(changeActionInstant, Option.empty(), Option.empty())) {
-        lockManager.unlock();
+        releaseLock();
         LOG.info("State change ended for action instant {}", 
changeActionInstant);
       }
     }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Caution: the {@code hasLock} flag can not be used to skip the `#lock` 
eagerly if the thread switches,
+   * the corner case below can cause deadlock:
+   *
+   * <pre>
+   *   threadA => acquireLock(), {@code hasLock} setup as true and got the 
lock acquired;
+   *   threadB => acquireLock(), check the {@code hasLock} as true, returns 
early;
+   *   threadB => releaseLock(), set up the {@code hasLock} as false;
+   *   threadA => releaseLock(), detect the {@code hasLock} as false and 
returns early.
+   *
+   *   The lock held by threadA will never be released.
+   * </pre>
+   */
+  private void acquireLock() {
+    if (lockHolderId > 0 && isLockHeldByCurrentThread()) {
+      LOG.info("{}: Lock already acquired, skipping lock acquisition.", this);
+      permits++;
+      return;
+    }
+    lockManager.lock();
+    permits++;
+    this.lockHolderId = Thread.currentThread().getId();

Review Comment:
   yes, it is always unique within a JVM lifecycle.



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