allthingssecurity opened a new pull request, #27689:
URL: https://github.com/apache/camel/pull/27689

   # Description
   
   [CAMEL-25526](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CAMEL-25526)
   
   `DefaultVertxHttpBinding.populateRequestHeaders` copied each message header 
to the request as `tc.convertTo(String.class, headerValue)`. For a collection 
that is its `toString()`, so a header holding `List.of("a", "b")` was sent as 
the single line `X-Test: [a, b]`, and a `String[]` as 
`[Ljava.lang.String;@...`. The HTTP consumers map a request header that occurs 
more than once to a List, so a route forwarding such a request with vertx-http 
(a proxy, or HTTP/2 clients that send each cookie in its own `cookie` header) 
sent corrupted values without an error.
   
   Now the binding iterates a value that is an `Iterable` or an `Object[]` as 
camel-http does (`ObjectHelper.createIterator(headerValue, null, true)` and 
`HttpUtil.applyHeader`, which applies the header filter per value and skips 
null values) and sets all the values of the header, as camel-netty-http and 
camel-undertow also do. Every other value takes the same code as before (header 
filter, then one `tc.convertTo(String.class, headerValue)`): a String (also one 
with commas), a number, and a `byte[]` or another primitive array, which are 
deliberately not iterated, so a `byte[]` header (a Kafka record header, for 
example) is still sent as one String and not as one header per byte. A 4.23 
upgrade guide note describes the change.
   
   Tests:
   - New `VertxHttpMultiValueHeaderTest` (undertow test server that echoes the 
values of `X-Test` it receives): a List header, an array header, a String with 
a comma, and a `byte[]`.
   - On main the List and the array test fail: `expected: <a|b> but was: <[a, 
b]>` and `expected: <a|b> but was: <[Ljava.lang.String;@...>`. The String and 
the `byte[]` test pass on main too; they are kept because they pin the two 
values an iterating fix can break: iterating with a delimiter splits `"a, b"`, 
and iterating every array gave `expected: <abc> but was: <97|98|99>` for the 
`byte[]` in an earlier version of this change.
   - With the change: camel-vertx-http 101 tests, 0 failures (1 skipped, as on 
main).
   
   Not changed here: camel-knative-http has the same problem 
(`KnativeHttpProducer` copies the request headers with `toString()`, and the 
reply of `KnativeHttpConsumer` keeps only the last value of a header). It is a 
separate component and is handled in a separate ticket.
   
   Found with a Lean 4 model of the header copy: "a header is sent as one line 
per value" (what camel-http does) fails for `["a", "b"]` and is proved to fail 
for every list value, and the fix is proved to equal camel-http's behaviour for 
every value of the model (a String or a list of Strings) and to send the same 
line as before for every String. I then reproduced it with the producer.
   
   # Target
   
   - [x] I checked that the commit is targeting the correct branch (Camel 4 
uses the `main` branch)
   
   # Tracking
   - [x] If this is a large change, bug fix, or code improvement, I checked 
there is a [JIRA issue](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CAMEL) filed for 
the change (usually before you start working on it).
   
   # Apache Camel coding standards and style
   
   - [x] I checked that each commit in the pull request has a meaningful 
subject line and body.
   - [ ] I have run `mvn clean install -DskipTests` locally from root folder 
and I have committed all auto-generated changes.
     (I built and tested camel-vertx-http, including the formatter and 
import-sort plugins. I did not run the full root build.)
   
   # AI-assisted contributions
   
   - [x] If this PR includes AI-generated code, commits have proper 
co-authorship attribution (e.g., `Co-authored-by` trailers) and the PR 
description identifies the AI tool used.
     This PR was prepared with Claude Code (Claude Opus 5.5). The commit 
carries a `Co-Authored-By` trailer.
   
   _Claude Code on behalf of allthingssecurity_
   
   🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)
   


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