[R] Robust standard error

Is there a way to estimate Robust standard errors when using a nls() function? I'm trying to fit some data to a complicated model and everything works fine with nls() but I also wanted to obtain a robust estimate of my errors. I tried "coeftest(m, vcov=sandwich)" and it seems to work, but so does

Re: [R] Help for funnel plot

those functions can be found. > > > Hope this helps, > > Rui Barradas > > > Às 01:37 de 15/05/2022, De Simone escreveu: > > Hi, > > Excuse me for this silly question > > how do I get a colour gradient like the one attached. Colours are a bit > > limi

[R] save R object into a remote directory

Hi all, I'm using R remotely via ssh connection in linux. I need to save a large R object from the remote server to my laptop. How can I specify the path in the save() function? Thanks much for your help, Simone [[alternative HTML version de

[R] [R-pkgs] New package: sparsevar

Dear R users, I would like to announce a new package called "sparsevar" version 0.0.3: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sparsevar/ The package should be useful to estimate sparse VAR/VECM models. The developing version can be found on Github: https://github.com/svazzole/sparsevar Best,

Re: [R] how to select an element from a vector based on a probability

Dear Frede, the initial question was to find probability proportional to the values, so Rui, Dan and Boris are right... I think I will go for Boris' solution... best regards, Simone 2014-04-11 7:29 GMT+02:00 Frede Aakmann Tøgersen : > I think you have calculated the wrong proba

Re: [R] how to select an element from a vector based on a probability

Hello, Rui, it does, indeed! thanks, Simone 2014-04-10 20:55 GMT+02:00 Rui Barradas : > Hello, > > Use ?sample. > > sample(x, 1, prob = x) > > Hope this helps, > > Rui Barradas > > Em 10-04-2014 19:49, Simone Gabbriellini escreveu: > >> Hello List, >

[R] how to select an element from a vector based on a probability

proportional to the element value, thus higher values should be picked up more often than small values (i.e., picking up 38 should be more probable than picking up 3) Do you have any idea on how to code such a rich-get-richer mechanism? Best regards, Simone

[R] listserv subscription

To Whom It May Concern: I am subscribed to this listserv, but I would like to switch my settings so that I receive a daily batched email rather than individual messages. Is it possible to do that, or do I need to unsubscribe and then resubscribe? Best, Simone Gill [[alternative HTML

[R] Sensitivity analysis - minimum effect size detectable by a binomial test

Hi all, I have performed a binomial test to verify if the number of males in a study is significantly different from a null hypothesis (say, H0:p of being a male= 0.5). For instancee: binom.test(10, 30, p=0.5, alternative="two.sided", conf.level=0.95) Exact binomial test data: 10 and 30 nu

Re: [R] a problem with table() and duplicates

it. > > > On Wed, Jan 22, 2014 at 11:04 AM, Simone Gabbriellini > wrote: >> Dear List, >> >> I have a data.frame like this: >> >> name religion neighbor religion.neighbor >> pippo a minnie a >> pluto a mickey a >> paperino b donald a >

[R] a problem with table() and duplicates

. Is there anything I can do in order to keep the data.frame the way it is but tell R to count values once if they are repeated? the point is that each row represent a relation, thus I cannot simply remove duplicates... any help more than welcome! Best regar

Re: [R] Merge xts and Return.portfolio

Thanks Simone > Il giorno 15/nov/2013, alle ore 15:30, Joshua Ulrich > ha scritto: > >> On Fri, Nov 15, 2013 at 6:32 AM, Simone Medori wrote: >> Hi, >> I'm triyng to merge two xts time series objects, one of them is from >> Return.portfolio (Performance

[R] Merge xts and Return.portfolio

have different classes ("POSIXct" and "Date"): might be this the reason? Why do I get different extra dates anyway? Kind regards, Simone > require(PerformanceAnalytics) > require(quantmod) > > benchmark<-c("^STOXX50E","^NDX") > downloa

[R] Very high Nagelkerke’s Pseudo-R2 values

Hi all, I have a data set made of 12 years each one with a number of males and a number of females. I tested the relationship between the sex ratio (proportion of males over the total) weighted for the number of individuals of each year. In R: glm.1<-glm(cbind(males,females)~predictor,bino

Re: [R] help with plotmeans (gplots)

Hi David, your code works perfectly on my dataset, thanks for the detailed example and for your time! Best, Simone 2013/6/26 David Carlson > Your data is probably not arranged correctly. See if this works for > your data: > > > # Creating a reproducible example > >

[R] help with plotmeans (gplots)

plotmeans, but I am unable to understand the syntax I should use. I tried: times<-as.factor(seq(1,15)) plotmeans(data~times) with no luck... what should I tell to plotmeans in order to evaluate my dataset? Best regards, Simone -- Simone Gabbriellini, PhD PostDoc@DISI, University of Bolo

Re: [R] how to set the row name of a specific row

gt; > Hope this helps, > > Rui Barradas > > Em 20-04-2013 10:58, Simone Gabbriellini escreveu: > > Hello, >> >> I am adding rows to a matrix using rbind() and I would like to also add a >> row name to the added row in order to do some sorting after the add

[R] how to set the row name of a specific row

Hello, I am adding rows to a matrix using rbind() and I would like to also add a row name to the added row in order to do some sorting after the adding rows part is finished. is this possible? Best, Simone -- Simone Gabbriellini, PhD PostDoc@DISI, University of Bologna mobile: +39 340 39 75

[R] how to measure similarity between vectors of different length

each random vectors. I am not a statistician, and I think that this solution may already have been implemented in R, but I do not know where to search for this, so I do welcome every suggestion/advice you might give me. Best regards, Simone -- Simone Gabbriellini, PhD PostDoc@DISI, University

[R] Bootstrap encounter histories data

group 1, y individuals of group 2, ... z individuals of group "n". I need to bootstrap this data set to get a new data set of the same length (resampling with replacement) and where the number of individuals of each group is maintained the same. Does anyone have an idea on how to do it? Than

Re: [R] how to

Hi, Yes I know it works, but I'd like to assign the results like this: V(g)$meanknn <- ONELINER Where V(g) elencates all the nodes in my graph... Thanks, Simone Sent from my iPhone. Please excuse brevity and odd typos On 01/feb/2013, at 13:31, PIKAL Petr wrote: > Hi > >

[R] how to

listOfLists){ print(mean(graph.knn(g, i)$knn)) } Is there any way to convert this in a one-liner? I have tried to figure it out with lapply() or mapply() but with no success. Thank you in advance for your help. Simone -- Simone Gabbriellini, PhD PostDoc@DISI, University of Bologna mobile: +39

[R] how to setdiff on lists of lists

apply(aa, setdiff, bb) but I simply get "aa" back as result. Could you please point me in the right direction about the combination of functions that I need to accomplish this task? Best regards, Simone -- Simone Gabbriellini, PhD PostDoc@DISI, University of Bologna mobile: +39 340 39 75

[R] simulation

]) plot(Pt) Rt_init_cond<-0 Rt<-Rt_init_cond*0 Rt[2]<- -a*Rt[1]+a*Et[1]+e[2] for(i in 2:(n)){ Rt[i]<- -a*Rt[i-1]+a*Et[i-1]+e[i] } Rt<-ts(Rt[(length(Rt)-n+1):length(Rt)]) plot(Rt) I don’t think the code above is correct, and I don’t even know if this is the approach

Re: [R] Odds Ratio and Logistic Regression

Took some googling, but it was worth it! :) Best, Simone Sent from my iPhone. Please excuse brevity and odd typos Il giorno 30/dic/2012, alle ore 19:44, Bert Gunter ha scritto: > Are you "learning the ropes" or "on the ropes"?

Re: [R] creating a function

agged values of Y_t+1 from Y_t to Y_t-n. Epsilon_t is, as You said a vector of random errors. Any suggestion is very appreciated. thanks and best regards, Simone From: Rui Barradas Sent: Saturday, December 22, 2012 8:29 PM To: Simone Gogna Cc: r-help@r-project.org Subject: Re: [R] creating a f

[R] creating a function

Dear R users, I’d like to create a function as: Y.t+1 = Y.t + (1\p)*summation(x(Y.t,Y.t-1,...)) + epsilon.t where x is a function of Y.t, Y.t-1 and so on, epsilon is a random error and p is a parameter. Do you think something of the following form might be appropriate? Y<-function(Y,p,x,epsi

Re: [R] Change boxplot color

Thanks! I missed that argument... :) 2012/9/22 Bert Gunter : > ?boxplot > ... and note the "border" argument > > -- Bert > > On Fri, Sep 21, 2012 at 6:57 PM, Simone Gabbriellini > wrote: >> Hello, >> >> I would like to change the color of the bor

[R] Change boxplot color

Hello, I would like to change the color of the borders of my boxplot. Using col= I am able only to change the inside background of the boxplot, while I would like to have it transparent andchange the border instead. Any hint aamore than welcome, Best, Simone Inviato da iPhone

Re: [R] wireframe and par(mfrow)

Thanks a lot for pointing me to that! Best, Simone 2012/5/7 David Winsemius : > > On May 7, 2012, at 7:15 AM, Simone Gabbriellini wrote: > >> Hello List, >> >> I have some plots with the wireframe() function, and I'd like to >> display them in a single

[R] wireframe and par(mfrow)

ble(title, header=TRUE), nrow=5,ncol=4,byrow=FALSE) colnames(rank)<-c(.25,0.50,0.75,1.00) wireframe(rank, scales=list(arrows=FALSE), drape=TRUE, colorkey=TRUE, xlab="η", ylab="π",zlab="corr", screen = list(z = 45, x = -70), zlim=c(0,1), main="Rank")

[R] plot intersecting planes

clear solution. Any advice would be appreciated. Simone Tenan ## library(popbio) fec<-seq(0.1,2,0.1) delta <- seq(0,0.6,0.05) lambda<-matrix(0,length(fec), length(delta)) S0=0.7 S1=0.8 S2=0.85 S3=S2 for (j in 1:length(delta)){ for (i in 1:length(fec)){ F1=0

[R] function sum for array

anybody help? S -- ------- Simone Salvadei Faculty of Economics Department of Financial and Economic Studies and Quantitative Methods University of Rome Tor Vergata e-mail: simone.salva...@uniroma2.it url: http://www.economia.uniroma2.it/phd/econometricsempiricaleconomics/ <http://w

[R] array manipulation

,,]=m_u temp_u=kronecker(temp_u,matrix(rep(1,d),nr=d)) A special thank to David Winsemius,William Dunlap and Patrick Burns. I hope I have been helpful. --- Simone Salvadei Faculty of Economics Department of Financial a

[R] array manipulation

g the remaining rows (full of zeroes) of 'temp_u' with copies of the corrensponding 1st row -- ------- Simone Salvadei Faculty of Economics Department of Financial and Economic Studies and Quantitative Methods University o

[R] array manipulation

(previously defined) phi=array with dimensions c(c,d,T)* * * *temp=array(0,dim=c(c,d,T))* * for(i in 1:T)* * {* * temp[,,i]=t(phi[,,i])* * }* * phi=temp* * * Thank you very much! S -- --- Simone Salvadei Faculty of Economics De

[R] comparing mixed binomial model against the same model without random effect

have tried with the lme4 but after this I cannot figure out how to build this same model without the random effect in order to make it comparable to the random effect model. Thanks for any help. Simone [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __

[R] zero fill empty cell in data.frame

empty cells with a 0... how to address those empty cells? thanks for your help! best, Simone __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and

[R] GLM and normality of predictors

Hi, I have found quite a few posts on normality checking of response variables, but I am still in doubt about that. As it is easy to understand I'm not a statistician so be patient please. I want to estimate the possible effects of some predictors on my response variable that is nº of males an

[R] add my own calculated conficence interval to a plot

Hi, I have a data frame like this: var1=years var2=Sex ratio (0https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.

[R] chisq.test and cbind

Hi, This is a mixed conceptual/methodological issue. I have 3 years and 2 localities, I want to compare the Sex Ratio series between the two localities. I can do it year by year, for instance: > SR2010<-data.frame(FAO=c(96,52),JUNC=c(60,42)) > SR2010 FAO JUNC 1 96 60 2 52 42 >

Re: [R] how to simplify a data.frame and add the counts of duplicate rows as a new column

many thanks, this is really a great solution! best, Simone Il giorno 02/mar/2011, alle ore 16.22, Scott Chamberlain ha scritto: > see package plyr, especially the function ddply(), eg.., in your case: > > ddply(dataframe, .(columnA, columnB), summarise, > columnC = le

[R] how to simplify a data.frame and add the counts of duplicate rows as a new column

data.frame, but how to count and store the duplicates? thanks in advance for any help. best regards, Simone __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org

[R] fit a distribution

xample of Zipf's law? thanks in advance for any help. best regards, Simone __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provid

[R] Problems replacing empty cells with NA values

ualization of those data in the same R console window) and there are not empty cells but, nevertheless, some columns have NA values but other ones have values. Why? Could it possibly cause any problem to the analysis? Thanks Best wishes Simone

Re: [R] how to invert the axes in the wireframe() plot

thank you very much, I am now closer to the result I would like to achieve. Still, I have to figure out how to "invert" the n axes, see figure: http://www.digitaldust.it/materiali/mine2.pdf is panel.3dwire the function I have to study for this last step? thanks, simone Il giorno 0

Re: [R] how to invert the axes in the wireframe() plot

I am trying to reproduce this graph: http://www.digitaldust.it/materiali/their.png the default axes orientation of wireframe gives me this: http://www.digitaldust.it/materiali/mine.pdf I am trying to understand if I can reproduce the axes orientation of the first figure. many thanks, simone

[R] how to invert the axes in the wireframe() plot

Dear List, I am using the wireframe function in the lattice package, and I am wondering if it is possible to invert the default axes orientation for x and y axes... what parameter should I look for? Best regards, Simone Gabbriellini __ R-help@r

[R] boxplot of timeseries with different lengths

o force the tabled observations to the same length, in order to put them into a data frame? thanks in advance for any advice. best regards, Simone Gabbriellini __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE

Re: [R] subset a data.frame

many thanks, works perfectly! best, Simone Il giorno 02/nov/2010, alle ore 17.17, David Winsemius ha scritto: > > On Nov 2, 2010, at 11:53 AM, Simone Gabbriellini wrote: > >> Hello List, >> >> this should be simple, but cannot figure it out. I am trying to subset

[R] subset a data.frame

; '2010-01-05 07:18:36', but I have no idea about the sintax to do that. is something like this close to the correct way: active<-data4['time'<= as.POSIXct("2010-01-05 07:18:36", origin="1970-01-01 00:00:00-00")] thanks in

[R] how to connect to a remote PostgreSQL database from R on mac osx

. For sure I can connect to remote server with RODBC, but since I am on a Mac OSX 10.6, I have quite difficulties to find ODBC drivers and compile them. Any advice is more than welcome. best regards, Simone Gabbriellini __ R-help@r-project.org mailing

[R] how to simplify a table

78 4 2 is it possible? could someone point me to the right function to do this? best regards, Simone __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R

[R] Best fitted curve using AIC

, the best fitted curve in comparison with my data. Anyone could help me? Best regards Simone. -- Simone R. Freitas Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC) Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH) R. Catequese, 242 Bairro Jardim 09090-400 - Santo

[R] Raster table: how separate lines with the same value (count > 1)

1 1 5861 1 5861 1 5861 1 5861 1 5861 1 5861 1 5861 1 5861 After that, I'd like to join tables using KTOTAL500X column. How can I do that? Thank you very much. Best regards Simone. -------

Re: [R] Comparing means and trends in short time-series

: Mixed1 <- lme(density~year, data=mydata, random=~1|sector) Mixed2 <- lme(density~year, data=mydata, random=~1|year/sector) But I'm not sure I can fit the Mixed2 model. Many thanks for the answers so far. Any ideas? Simone Vincenzi, PhD Department of Environmental Sciences Un

[R] Comparing means and trends in short time-series

among streams from 2000 to 2007? Is it sufficient and appropriate a test of correlation (using rcorr of the library Design, for example) to test if density trends in time are similar among streams? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Simone Simone Vincenzi, PhD Department of

[R] time series analys by resting the effect of a covariate

Hi, Does anyone know a way to estimate the existence of a temporal trend (each unit of the sample is a count) by resting the possible effect of a covariate (i.e. climatic factor)? I have periodical counts of several species of waterbirds during the last 13 years and I want to know if, resting

[R] GAM predict

affecting it. I am already using a weight in my model with the effort spent in each grid cell. Thanks for your feedback, with my best regards, Simone __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the

Re: [R] eps file with embedded font

Hi Paul, I've tried your solutions and it works great... still my eps viewer (CocoViewX) doesn't visualize them well, but the pdf converter (I use mac, the Finder does this conversion automagically) visualize all the images correctly thank you very much for your help! simone

[R] Fwd: eps file with embedded font

-- Forwarded message -- From: Jonathan Baron Date: 2009/9/4 Subject: Re: [R] eps file with embedded font To: Simone Gabbriellini On 09/04/09 17:16, Simone Gabbriellini wrote: > thanks Jonathan, > > I was wondering about the difference between your second option and

Re: [R] eps file with embedded font

thanks Jonathan, I was wondering about the difference between your second option and the Ted one: isn't it the same thing? regards, Simone 2009/9/4 Jonathan Baron : > A couple of other ideas about embedding fonts and setting bounding > boxes.  These all work on Linux, so in theory

Re: [R] eps file with embedded font

Thank for the help, unfortunately it doesn't work... it looks impossible to embed fonts... cairo should do this automatically but not for eps files at the moment... really don't know how to solve it. best regards, Simone 2009/9/4 Ted Harding : > On 04-Sep-09 14:01:44, Simone Gabbr

[R] eps file with embedded font

mbedFonts(file="indegdistr.eps", outfile="indegdistrEMB.eps", fontpaths="System/Library/Fonts") the problem is that the second file, with font embedded, is cutted near the end, and the very last part of the plots and the border are off the page... I use R 2.8.

[R] FW: problems in resampling time series, block length, trend.test

I change the block length? 2) In terms of block length and type of simulation (sim="fixed" or "geom"), what is the best way of doing it? Thanks in advance for any suggestion, Best wishes Simone ¿Quieres conocerte mejor? ¡Conoce lo que Windows Live tiene especialmente pa

[R] problems in resampling time series, block length, trend.test

I change the block length? 2) In terms of block length and type of simulation (sim="fixed" or "geom"), what is the best way of doing it? Thanks in advance for any suggestion, Best wishes Simone _ [[elided Hotmail s

Re: [R] generalized linear model (glm) and "stepAIC"

d > if you are a beginner. You are right on the edge of having too little > data for what you want to do (the rule of thumb is that you should > have at least 10-20 responses per predictor), and stepwise regression is > known > to inflate p-values (see e.g. Whittingham e

[R] generalized linear model (glm) and "stepAIC"

Hi, I'm a very new user of R and I hope not to be too "basic" (I tried to find the answer to my questions by other ways but I was not able to). I have 12 response variables (species growth rates) and two environmental factors that I want to test to find out a possible relation. The sample s

[R] how to estimate distribution?

estimate the density of both distribution? because the red one looks like a pareto distribution, but I am not an expert... many thanks, Simone __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the postin

Re: [R] how to select cases based on value of one or more variables

yes it's THE solution! thank you very much, Simone Il giorno 30/nov/08, alle ore 22:42, Kingsford Jones ha scritto: It's generally easier to work with data frames, so read your data with students <- read.spss(yourFile, to.data.frame=TRUE) Then subset will work as expe

Re: [R] how to select cases based on value of one or more variables

2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 [171] 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 [205] 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 I would like to filter - or subset - the dataset for $Sex = 1 (in this case means male...), for example... thanks anyway, Simone Il giorno 30/

[R] how to select cases based on value of one or more variables

dear list, I have read a spss file with read.spss() now I have a list with all my variable stored as vectors. is it possible to selec cases based on the value of one or more variables? thank you, Simone __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https

Re: [R] about centralization

t(g)-1)/ (vcount(g)-2 hope it helps, Simone Il giorno 30/nov/08, alle ore 17:05, Gábor Csárdi ha scritto: Weijia, centralization was not included in igraph, because really, it takes only writing a one line function to do it. But it is on our TODO list and will be included soon. E.g. for degree s

[R] Fwd: simple question with table()

Dear ALL, thank you for this sunday morning help! It works great! all the best, Simone Il giorno 30/nov/08, alle ore 11:22, Jorge Ivan Velez ha scritto: > > Dear Simone, > > Try this: > > x=c(1,1,2,3,4,3,2,2,2,1,2,3,4,4,3) > table(factor(x,levels=1:5)) > 1 2 3

[R] barplot labels

Dear List, is it possible to plot vertical labels under vertical bars? for vertical labels I mean to rotate 90 degrees horizontal labels I suppose yes, because if excel can do this, R should do it twice better... thank you, Simone __ R-help@r

[R] simple question with table()

,"2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10","11","12","13","14") but all I have is: error in table all the arguments must have the same length thank you, Simone ___

Re: [R] Agent-based social simulation and R

great too), you can simply handle it via RPy. I've learned this strategy from Pietro Terna - http://web.econ.unito.it/terna/ hope it helps, Simone Gabbriellini Il giorno 07/nov/08, alle ore 13:06, Tom Backer Johnsen ha scritto: Do anyone know anything about the use of R for agent-ba

Re: [R] Problem installing tseries under FC7 x86_64

ar.gz' had non-zero exit status in: install.packages("quadprog_1.4-11.tar.gz", repos = NULL, type = "/usr/local/free/gfortran.csh") Thank you in advances! Simone __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-he

[R] cohesive blocks.. again

hello, I have a last question on cohesive blocks: if there are multiple links between some nodes in the graph, this is taken into account by cohesive blocks? or the multiple links are simply ignored? thank you, Simone __ R-help@r-project.org

Re: [R] how to interpolate a plot with a logistic curve

parts, if I simply wrote > plot(simone.m1, log="", col="red") everything became red.. thank in advance, Simone Il giorno 06/dic/07, alle ore 09:00, Christian Ritz ha scritto: > Dear Simone, > > you can use the package 'drc' to fit a logistic model, th

Re: [R] how to interpolate a plot with a logistic curve

parts, if I simply wrote > plot(simone.m1, log="", col="red") everything became red.. thank in advance, Simone Il giorno 06/dic/07, alle ore 09:00, Christian Ritz ha scritto: > Dear Simone, > > you can use the package 'drc' to fit a logistic model, th

[R] how to interpolate a plot with a logistic curve

with abline(lm(generalstats[, 1 ]~ c(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25)), lty=3, col="red"); how to interpolate the data with a logistic curve? I cannot find the - I suppose easy - solution.. thank you, Simone __ R-help@r-project.org mailing

[R] stastistical test on normalized data

20.83 33.33 21.428571 7.4074074 Thanks Simone [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman

[R] stastistical test on normalized data

paramatric test right? And how can do it on R software? Thanks in advance Simone [[alternative HTML version deleted]] __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R