The Commune and Popular Sovereignty in Times of Imperialist Siege – Orinoco 
Tribune<https://orinocotribune.com/the-commune-and-popular-sovereignty-in-times-of-imperialist-siege/>

By Cira Pascual Marquina  –  Mar 27, 2026

I write these lines at a particularly difficult moment for Venezuelan 
sovereignty. The imperialist attack of January 3 and the kidnapping of 
President Nicolás Maduro and Congresswoman Cilia Flores marked a new escalation 
in an aggression that now spans more than twenty-six years against the 
Bolivarian Revolution. This is not an isolated episode. It is a new chapter in 
a broad and multifaceted strategy aimed at taking away the Venezuelan people 
and government’s power of decision and, ultimately, reversing the political 
path inaugurated in 1999.

In this context, the leadership of the revolution has been forced to make 
difficult decisions. There has been no shortage of tedious and often legalistic 
debates about the reform of the Hydrocarbons Law. However, that reform had in 
fact already been under discussion prior to the attack. By contrast, what does 
constitute a tactical concession affecting our national sovereignty is how the 
United States now oversees and controls our oil sales.

No one who has historically defended energy sovereignty can ignore the weight 
of this blow. Nevertheless, the immediate alternative to this concession was 
not maintaining sovereignty—an idea often invoked by “leftists” in the global 
North as they hastily declare the end of our revolution—but rather an all-out 
bloody war under extremely unfavorable conditions, accompanied by a naval 
blockade. Under imperialist siege, even revolutionary processes may be forced 
to maneuver to preserve life and ensure their continuity.

It was a hard blow. But it was also the result of a prolonged economic war 
whose objective has been precisely to close off all avenues for the country’s 
material reproduction.

Lenin knew these situations well. In the most difficult years of the Soviet 
Revolution, he defended the New Economic Policy as a necessary tactical retreat 
to preserve what was fundamental. Revolutionary politics, he insisted, requires 
distinguishing between what can be defended at a given moment and what 
constitutes the strategic core of a historical process.

Today, that distinction becomes crucial once again. National sovereignty is not 
reducible to control over a strategic resource, however important it may be. In 
Venezuela, there exists another equally important dimension: organized popular 
sovereignty.

This is the terrain of the commune.



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