kaivalnp commented on code in PR #16506:
URL: https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/16506#discussion_r3846237894


##########
lucene/sandbox/src/java/org/apache/lucene/sandbox/codecs/dedup/DedupScalarQuantizedVectorsFormat.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.lucene.sandbox.codecs.dedup;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import org.apache.lucene.codecs.hnsw.FlatVectorsFormat;
+import org.apache.lucene.codecs.hnsw.FlatVectorsReader;
+import org.apache.lucene.codecs.hnsw.FlatVectorsWriter;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.SegmentReadState;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.SegmentWriteState;
+import 
org.apache.lucene.util.quantization.QuantizedByteVectorValues.ScalarEncoding;
+
+/**
+ * A scalar quantized version of {@link DedupFlatVectorsFormat} that stores 
each distinct vector
+ * once, in both raw and quantized form.
+ *
+ * <p>Quantization is <i>data-blind</i>: input vectors are assumed to be 
evenly distributed, i.e.
+ * centered on a zero vector (see {@link DedupQuantizer}). The quantized 
record of a vector is then
+ * a pure function of the raw vector and the {@link DedupQuantizer.Flavor} 
derived from the field's
+ * similarity function — independent of the other vectors in the segment — so 
quantized records
+ * de-duplicate like raw vectors: identical vectors across documents and 
fields of a group whose
+ * similarity functions map to the same flavor share one quantized record, 
resolved through the same
+ * {@code fieldOrdToGroupOrd} translation map. Records follow the {@link
+ * org.apache.lucene.codecs.lucene104.Lucene104ScalarQuantizedVectorsFormat} 
conventions per flavor,
+ * and are scored by the stock {@link
+ * org.apache.lucene.codecs.lucene104.Lucene104ScalarQuantizedVectorScorer}. 
Note the accuracy
+ * tradeoff relative to that format, which centers vectors on a per-field 
centroid before
+ * quantizing.
+ *
+ * <p>Only {@link org.apache.lucene.index.VectorEncoding#FLOAT32} vectors are 
quantized; BYTE and
+ * FLOAT16 vectors are stored raw only, identical to {@link 
DedupFlatVectorsFormat}.

Review Comment:
   Right, I don't think we have the ability quantize `FLOAT16` vectors today -- 
we'll need to mirror the logic in the original scalar quantized format when 
it's added.



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