mikemccand commented on code in PR #15476:
URL: https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/15476#discussion_r2644259435


##########
lucene/test-framework/src/java/org/apache/lucene/tests/index/BaseKnnVectorsFormatTestCase.java:
##########
@@ -1910,6 +1929,163 @@ public void testVectorValuesReportCorrectDocs() throws 
Exception {
     }
   }
 
+  private List<float[]> getRandomFloatVector(int numVectors, int dim, boolean 
normalize) {
+    List<float[]> vectors = new ArrayList<>(numVectors);
+    for (int i = 0; i < numVectors; i++) {
+      float[] vec = randomVector(dim);
+      if (normalize) {
+        float[] copy = new float[vec.length];
+        System.arraycopy(vec, 0, copy, 0, copy.length);
+        VectorUtil.l2normalize(copy);
+        vec = copy;
+      }
+      vectors.add(vec);
+    }
+    return vectors;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests reading quantized vectors when raw vector data is empty. Verifies 
that scalar quantized
+   * formats can properly dequantize vectors and maintain accuracy within 
expected error bounds even
+   * when the original raw vector file is empty or corrupted.
+   */
+  public void testReadQuantizedVectorWithEmptyRawVectors() throws Exception {
+    assumeTrue("Test only applies to scalar quantized formats", 
supportsFloatVectorFallback());
+
+    String vectorFieldName = "vec1";
+    int numVectors = 1 + random().nextInt(50);
+    int dim = random().nextInt(64) + 1;
+    if (dim % 2 == 1) {
+      dim++;
+    }
+    float eps = (1f / (float) (1 << getQuantizationBits()));
+    VectorSimilarityFunction similarityFunction = randomSimilarity();
+    List<float[]> vectors =
+        getRandomFloatVector(
+            numVectors, dim, similarityFunction == 
VectorSimilarityFunction.COSINE);
+
+    try (BaseDirectoryWrapper dir = newDirectory();
+        IndexWriter w =
+            new IndexWriter(
+                dir,
+                new IndexWriterConfig()
+                    .setMaxBufferedDocs(numVectors + 1)
+                    .setRAMBufferSizeMB(IndexWriterConfig.DISABLE_AUTO_FLUSH)
+                    .setMergePolicy(NoMergePolicy.INSTANCE)
+                    .setUseCompoundFile(false)
+                    .setCodec(getCodecForQuantizedTest()))) {
+      dir.setCheckIndexOnClose(false);
+
+      for (int i = 0; i < numVectors; i++) {
+        Document doc = new Document();
+        doc.add(new KnnFloatVectorField(vectorFieldName, vectors.get(i), 
similarityFunction));
+        w.addDocument(doc);
+      }
+      w.commit();
+
+      simulateEmptyRawVectors(dir);
+
+      try (IndexReader reader = DirectoryReader.open(w)) {
+        LeafReader r = getOnlyLeafReader(reader);
+        if (r instanceof CodecReader codecReader) {
+          KnnVectorsReader knnVectorsReader = codecReader.getVectorReader();
+          knnVectorsReader = 
knnVectorsReader.unwrapReaderForField(vectorFieldName);
+          FloatVectorValues floatVectorValues =
+              knnVectorsReader.getFloatVectorValues(vectorFieldName);
+          if (floatVectorValues.size() > 0) {
+            KnnVectorValues.DocIndexIterator iter = 
floatVectorValues.iterator();
+            for (int docId = iter.nextDoc(); docId != NO_MORE_DOCS; docId = 
iter.nextDoc()) {
+              float[] dequantizedVector = 
floatVectorValues.vectorValue(iter.index());
+              float mae = 0;
+              for (int i = 0; i < dim; i++) {
+                mae += Math.abs(dequantizedVector[i] - vectors.get(docId)[i]);
+              }
+              mae /= dim;
+              assertTrue(
+                  "bits: " + getQuantizationBits() + " mae: " + mae + " > eps: 
" + eps, mae <= eps);
+            }
+          } else {
+            fail("floatVectorValues size should be non zero");
+          }
+        } else {
+          fail("reader is not CodecReader");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Simulates empty raw vectors by modifying index files. */
+  protected void simulateEmptyRawVectors(Directory dir) throws Exception {
+    final String[] indexFiles = dir.listAll();
+    final String RAW_VECTOR_EXTENSION = "vec";
+    final String VECTOR_META_EXTENSION = "vemf";
+
+    for (String file : indexFiles) {
+      if (file.endsWith("." + RAW_VECTOR_EXTENSION)) {
+        replaceWithEmptyVectorFile(dir, file);
+      } else if (file.endsWith("." + VECTOR_META_EXTENSION)) {
+        updateVectorMetadataFile(dir, file);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Replaces a raw vector file with an empty one that has valid 
header/footer. */
+  protected void replaceWithEmptyVectorFile(Directory dir, String fileName) 
throws Exception {
+    byte[] indexHeader;
+    try (IndexInput in = dir.openInput(fileName, IOContext.DEFAULT)) {
+      indexHeader = CodecUtil.readIndexHeader(in);
+    }
+    dir.deleteFile(fileName);
+    try (IndexOutput out = dir.createOutput(fileName, IOContext.DEFAULT)) {
+      // Write header
+      out.writeBytes(indexHeader, 0, indexHeader.length);
+      // Write footer (no content in between)
+      CodecUtil.writeFooter(out);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Updates vector metadata file to indicate zero vector length. */
+  protected void updateVectorMetadataFile(Directory dir, String fileName) 
throws Exception {

Review Comment:
   > E.g. TestSimpleTextKnnVectorsFormat would need to implement its own way to 
zero out the vector files? Maybe we could add that here/now? This way it 
exercises that this base test class is in fact generic enough to test across 
codecs... (and this is sort to purpose of the SimpleTextCodec -- to show that 
the Codec API really is generic enough to correctly support a wildly different 
kind of Codec implementation.
   
   Oh -- I was wrong about this comment!  Since `SimpleTextKnnVectorsFormat` 
does not implement any quantization, it makes no sense for it to implement the 
"zero full precision vector files" method!  Sorry for the confusion.  Maybe 
someday it could implement quantization to help give intuition about scalar 
quantization ... but not today!  Thanks @Pulkitg64.



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