jpountz commented on code in PR #15011:
URL: https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/15011#discussion_r2296344655


##########
lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/search/AcceptDocs.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.lucene.search;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.LeafReader;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.BitSet;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.BitSetIterator;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.Bits;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.FixedBitSet;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.IOSupplier;
+
+/**
+ * Higher-level abstraction for document acceptance filtering. Can be consumed 
in either
+ * random-access (Bits) or sequential (DocIdSetIterator) pattern.
+ *
+ * @lucene.experimental
+ */
+public abstract class AcceptDocs {
+
+  /**
+   * Random access to the accepted documents.
+   *
+   * @return Bits instance for random access, or null if all documents are 
accepted
+   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+   */
+  public abstract Bits bits() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Create a new iterator of accepted docs. There accepted docs already 
ignore deleted docs.
+   *
+   * <p><b>NOTE</b>: If you also plan on calling {@link #bits()} or {@link 
#cost()}, it is
+   * recommended to call these methods before {@link #iterator()} for better 
performance.
+   *
+   * @return DocIdSetIterator for sequential access
+   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+   */
+  public abstract DocIdSetIterator iterator() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Return an approximation of the number of accepted documents. This is 
typically useful to decide
+   * whether to consume these accept docs using random access ({@link 
#bits()}) or sequential access
+   * ({@link #iterator()}).
+   *
+   * <p><b>NOTE</b>: This must not be called after {@link #iterator()}.
+   *
+   * @return approximate cost
+   */
+  public abstract int cost() throws IOException;
+
+  /**
+   * Create AcceptDocs from a {@link Bits} instance representing live 
documents. A {@code null}
+   * instance is interpreted as matching all documents, like in {@link 
LeafReader#getLiveDocs()}.
+   *
+   * @param bits the Bits instance for random access
+   * @param maxDoc the number of documents in the reader
+   * @return AcceptDocs wrapping the Bits
+   */
+  public static AcceptDocs fromLiveDocs(Bits bits, int maxDoc) {
+    return new BitsAcceptDocs(bits, maxDoc);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create AcceptDocs from an {@link IOSupplier} of {@link DocIdSetIterator}, 
optionally filtered
+   * by live documents.
+   *
+   * @param iteratorSupplier a DocIdSetIterator iterator
+   * @param liveDocs Bits representing live documents, or {@code null} if no 
deleted docs.
+   * @param maxDoc the number of documents in the reader
+   * @return AcceptDocs wrapping the iterator
+   */
+  public static AcceptDocs fromIteratorSupplier(
+      IOSupplier<DocIdSetIterator> iteratorSupplier, Bits liveDocs, int 
maxDoc) {
+    return new DocIdSetIteratorAcceptDocs(iteratorSupplier, liveDocs, maxDoc);
+  }
+
+  private static BitSet createBitSet(DocIdSetIterator iterator, Bits liveDocs, 
int maxDoc)
+      throws IOException {
+    if (liveDocs == null && iterator instanceof BitSetIterator bitSetIterator) 
{
+      // If we already have a BitSet and no deletions, reuse the BitSet
+      return bitSetIterator.getBitSet();
+    } else {
+      int threshold = maxDoc >> 7; // same as BitSet#of
+      if (iterator.cost() >= threshold) {
+        // take advantage of Disi#intoBitset and Bits#applyMask
+        FixedBitSet bitSet = new FixedBitSet(maxDoc);
+        bitSet.or(iterator);
+        if (liveDocs != null) {
+          liveDocs.applyMask(bitSet, 0);
+        }
+        return bitSet;
+      } else {
+        return BitSet.of(
+            AcceptDocs.getFilteredDocIdSetIterator(iterator, liveDocs),
+            maxDoc); // create a sparse bitset
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Impl backed by Bits, expected to be somewhat dense, except when a {@link 
BitSet} is provided,
+   * in which case it's not necessarily dense.
+   */
+  private static class BitsAcceptDocs extends AcceptDocs {
+    private final Bits bits;
+    private final DocIdSetIterator iterator;
+    private final int maxDoc;
+
+    BitsAcceptDocs(Bits bits, int maxDoc) {
+      this.bits = bits;
+      if (bits instanceof BitSet bitSet) {
+        Objects.requireNonNull(bitSet);
+        this.maxDoc = bitSet.cardinality();
+        this.iterator = new BitSetIterator(bitSet, this.maxDoc);
+      } else {
+        this.maxDoc = maxDoc;
+        this.iterator = 
AcceptDocs.getFilteredDocIdSetIterator(DocIdSetIterator.all(maxDoc), bits);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Bits bits() {
+      return bits;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public DocIdSetIterator iterator() {
+      return iterator;

Review Comment:
   Hmm, we also need to create a new iterator in the case when it's backed by 
DocIdSetIterator#all?



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