mayya-sharipova commented on code in PR #14331:
URL: https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/14331#discussion_r2005464935


##########
lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/util/hnsw/MergingHnswGraphBuilder.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.lucene.util.hnsw;
+
+import static org.apache.lucene.search.DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.BitSet;
+
+/**
+ * A graph builder that is used during segments' merging.
+ *
+ * <p>This builder uses a smart algorithm to merge multiple graphs into a 
single graph. The
+ * algorithm is based on the idea if we know where we want to insert a node, 
we have a good idea of
+ * where we want to insert its neighbours.
+ *
+ * <p>The algorithm is based on the following steps: 1. Get all graphs that 
don't have deletions and
+ * sort them by size. 2. Copy the largest graph to the new graph (gL). 3. For 
each remaining small
+ * graph (gS) - Find the nodes that best cover gS: join set `j`. These nodes 
will be inserted into
+ * gL as usual: by searching gL to find the best candidates: `w` to which 
connect the nodes. - For
+ * each remaining node in gS: - we do NOT do search in gL. Instead, we form 
`w` by union of the
+ * node's neighbors' in Gs and the node's neighbors' neighbors' in gL.
+ *
+ * <p>We expect the size of join set `j` to be small, 1/5-1/2 of size gS. And 
for the rest of the
+ * nodes of gS, we expect savings by not doing extra search in gL.
+ *
+ * @lucene.experimental
+ */

Review Comment:
   Addressed in cb852a6387a09ba43049b8a24f1e026c309b368b



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