benwtrent commented on code in PR #13525:
URL: https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/13525#discussion_r1691432866


##########
lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/codecs/lucene99/Lucene99FlatMultiVectorsFormat.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.lucene.codecs.lucene99;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import org.apache.lucene.codecs.hnsw.FlatVectorsFormat;
+import org.apache.lucene.codecs.hnsw.FlatVectorsReader;
+import org.apache.lucene.codecs.hnsw.FlatVectorsScorer;
+import org.apache.lucene.codecs.hnsw.FlatVectorsWriter;
+import org.apache.lucene.codecs.lucene90.IndexedDISI;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.SegmentReadState;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.SegmentWriteState;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.DocIdSetIterator;
+import org.apache.lucene.store.IndexOutput;
+
+/**
+ * Lucene 9.9 flat vector format, which encodes numeric vector values
+ *
+ * <h2>.vec (vector data) file</h2>
+ *
+ * <p>For each field:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>Vector data ordered by field, document ordinal, and vector dimension. 
When the
+ *       vectorEncoding is BYTE, each sample is stored as a single byte. When 
it is FLOAT32, each
+ *       sample is stored as an IEEE float in little-endian byte order.
+ *   <li>DocIds encoded by {@link IndexedDISI#writeBitSet(DocIdSetIterator, 
IndexOutput, byte)},
+ *       note that only in sparse case
+ *   <li>OrdToDoc was encoded by {@link 
org.apache.lucene.util.packed.DirectMonotonicWriter}, note
+ *       that only in sparse case
+ *   <li>DataOffsets for variable length multi-vector values. Encoded by {@link
+ *       org.apache.lucene.util.packed.DirectMonotonicWriter}, present only 
for multi-vectors
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <h2>.vemf (vector metadata) file</h2>
+ *
+ * <p>For each field:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li><b>[int32]</b> field number
+ *   <li><b>[int32]</b> vector similarity function ordinal
+ *   <li><b>[vlong]</b> offset to this field's vectors in the .vec file
+ *   <li><b>[vlong]</b> length of this field's vectors, in bytes
+ *   <li><b>[vint]</b> dimension of this field's vectors
+ *   <li><b>[int]</b> the number of documents having values for this field
+ *   <li><b>[int8]</b> if equals to -1, dense – all documents have values for 
a field. If equals to
+ *       0, sparse – some documents missing values.
+ *   <li>DocIds were encoded by {@link 
IndexedDISI#writeBitSet(DocIdSetIterator, IndexOutput, byte)}
+ *   <li>OrdToDoc was encoded by {@link 
org.apache.lucene.util.packed.DirectMonotonicWriter}, note
+ *       that only in sparse case
+ *   <li><b>[byte]</b> set to 1 if field has multi-vector values, 0 otherwise
+ *   <li><b>[int]</b> multi-vector aggregation function ordinal, present only 
for multi-vectors
+ *   <li>DataOffsets for variable length multi-vector values. Encoded by {@link
+ *       org.apache.lucene.util.packed.DirectMonotonicWriter}, present only 
for multi-vectors
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * @lucene.experimental
+ */
+// noCommit - pending tests
+public final class Lucene99FlatMultiVectorsFormat extends FlatVectorsFormat {

Review Comment:
   Why would I ever chose the single vector format? 
   
   It seems like the multi-vector format would be optimized when there is only 
one vector per doc. Since we will support a dynamic number of vectors (of the 
same dimension) per doc, its conceivable that a segment, or an entire field, 
will just have one vector per doc. 
   
   Why aren't we updating our existing formats to add support for multi-value 
vectors?



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