benwtrent commented on code in PR #12582:
URL: https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/12582#discussion_r1362016333


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lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/util/ScalarQuantizer.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.lucene.util;
+
+import static org.apache.lucene.search.DocIdSetIterator.NO_MORE_DOCS;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.FloatVectorValues;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.VectorSimilarityFunction;
+
+/**
+ * Will scalar quantize float vectors into `int8` byte values. This is a lossy 
transformation.
+ * Scalar quantization works by first calculating the quantiles of the float 
vector values. The
+ * quantiles are calculated using the configured quantile/confidence interval. 
The [minQuantile,
+ * maxQuantile] are then used to scale the values into the range [0, 127] and 
bucketed into the

Review Comment:
   @jmazanec15 Java doesn't have unsigned bytes & handling signed values in the 
math is exceptionally difficult. 
   
   We only use one bucket of possible values, the impact in recall is minimal 
(if measurable at all).



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