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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-9001?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=16948283#comment-16948283
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Adrien Grand commented on LUCENE-9001:
--------------------------------------

Your points are right, which is why I said I was inclined to merge your change. 
On the other hand, SetOnce wasn't designed as a general concurrency utility, 
and  we don't have this conditionally-set use-case that exhibits the issue. 
While I have no doubt trySet has use-cases and would be faster than 
implementing on top of get and set, this would be dead code to Lucene. I don't 
have strong feelings though, there are precedents e.g. not all FixedBitSet 
methods are used by Lucene but I wanted to highlight these points in case other 
committers have opinions. You seem to feel strongly about introducing trySet 
which sounds ok to me. I plan to merge this change in a couple days if nobody 
objects.

> Race condition in SetOnce
> -------------------------
>
>                 Key: LUCENE-9001
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-9001
>             Project: Lucene - Core
>          Issue Type: Bug
>            Reporter: Przemko Robakowski
>            Priority: Minor
>          Time Spent: 10m
>  Remaining Estimate: 0h
>
> There is race condition in SetOnce that can cause code below fail with 
> NullPointerException:
> {code:java}
> SetOnce<String> setOnce = new SetOnce<>();
> new Thread(() -> setOnce.set("thread")).start();
> try{
>     setOnce.set("main");
> } catch (SetOnce.AlreadySetException e){
>     setOnce.get().hashCode(); //possible NPE!
> }
> {code}
> This is caused by 2 separate write operations - 1 for set marker field and 1 
> for actual object. So it's possible that marker is already set to true 
> (causing AlreadySetException on second write attempt) but object is still not 
> set (causing NullPointerException).
> This can be avoided by using single AtomicReference instead to serve both 
> purposes.



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