On 04/04/2025 05:56, coffeeforblood.pardon117 wrote:
Here is the output of 'ip addr' for USB Ethernet Adapter #1 under
different circumstances:

You have not written it explicitly, but almost certainly you use NetworkManager. That is why its configuration should be inspected

    nmcli
    nmcli status
    nmcli device

Check that devices are not mentioned in /etc/network/interfaces and /etc/network/interfaces.d/*. Next step in diagnostics is to find moment of plugging in cable in output of

    # journalctl -b

or start

    # journalctl -f

and connect other device.

My guess is that NetworkManager created another "Wired Connection..." when network adapter was discovered. It is marked as auto as well and tried earlier than your connection with a static address.

Is it normal for 'systemd-networkd' not to be running by default on a
fresh installation of Debian 12, as a general rule?

It is not used by default. If you wish, you may configure different adapters using different tools.

'ifconfig' is not installed by default. Is this also normal for a fresh
installation of Debian 12?

It depends on tasks chosen to install.

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