Jackie-Jiang commented on code in PR #10191:
URL: https://github.com/apache/pinot/pull/10191#discussion_r1129946089


##########
pinot-segment-spi/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/spi/index/IndexType.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Map;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.ColumnMetadata;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.creator.IndexCreationContext;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.column.ColumnIndexContainer;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.store.SegmentDirectory;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.config.table.FieldConfig;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.config.table.TableConfig;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.data.Schema;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.utils.JsonUtils;
+
+
+/**
+ * TODO: implement mutable indexes.
+ * @param <C> the class that represents how this object is configured.
+ * @param <IR> the {@link IndexReader} subclass that should be used to read 
indexes of this type.
+ * @param <IC> the {@link IndexCreator} subclass that should be used to create 
indexes of this type.
+ */
+public interface IndexType<C, IR extends IndexReader, IC extends IndexCreator> 
{
+
+  /**
+   * The unique id that identifies this index type.
+   * In case there is more than one implementation for a given index, then all 
should share the same id in order to be
+   * correctly registered in the {@link IndexService}.
+   * This is also the value being used as the default toString implementation 
and the one used as keys when config is
+   * specified.
+   *
+   * <p>Therefore the returned value for each index should be constant across 
different Pinot versions.</p>
+   */
+  String getId();

Review Comment:
   Should we rename this method to `getName()`?



##########
pinot-segment-spi/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/spi/index/FieldIndexConfigs.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAnyGetter;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnore;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.config.table.IndexConfig;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.utils.JsonUtils;
+
+
+/**
+ * FieldIndexConfigs are a map like structure that relates index types with 
their configuration, providing a type safe
+ * interface.
+ *
+ * This class can be serialized into a JSON object whose keys are the index 
type ids using Jackson, but cannot be
+ * serialized back. A custom Jackson deserializer could be provided if needed.
+ */
+public class FieldIndexConfigs {
+
+  public static final FieldIndexConfigs EMPTY = new FieldIndexConfigs(new 
HashMap<>());
+
+  private final Map<IndexType, IndexConfig> _configMap;
+
+  private FieldIndexConfigs(Map<IndexType, IndexConfig> configMap) {
+    _configMap = Collections.unmodifiableMap(configMap);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the configuration associated with the given index type, which 
will be null if there is no configuration for
+   * that index type.
+   */
+  @JsonIgnore
+  public <C extends IndexConfig, I extends IndexType<C, ?, ?>> C getConfig(I 
indexType) {
+    IndexConfig config = _configMap.get(indexType);
+    if (config == null) {
+      return indexType.getDefaultConfig();
+    }
+    return (C) config;
+  }
+
+  /*
+  This is used by Jackson when this object is serialized. Each entry of the 
map will be directly contained in the
+  JSON object, with the key name as the key in the JSON object and the result 
of serializing the key value as the value
+  in the JSON object.
+   */
+  @JsonAnyGetter
+  public Map<String, JsonNode> unwrapIndexes() {
+    Function<Map.Entry<IndexType, IndexConfig>, JsonNode> serializer =
+        entry -> entry.getKey().serialize(entry.getValue());
+    return _configMap.entrySet().stream()
+        .filter(e -> e.getValue() != null)
+        .collect(Collectors.toMap(entry -> entry.getKey().getId(), 
serializer));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String toString() {
+    try {
+      return JsonUtils.objectToString(this);

Review Comment:
   We may remove the json annotations with the following change:
   ```suggestion
         return JsonUtils.objectToString(unwrapIndexes());
   ```



##########
pinot-segment-spi/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/segment/spi/index/IndexType.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+/**
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
+import java.util.Map;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.ColumnMetadata;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.creator.IndexCreationContext;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.index.column.ColumnIndexContainer;
+import org.apache.pinot.segment.spi.store.SegmentDirectory;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.config.table.IndexConfig;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.config.table.TableConfig;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.data.Schema;
+import org.apache.pinot.spi.utils.JsonUtils;
+
+
+/**
+ * TODO: implement mutable indexes.
+ * @param <C> the class that represents how this object is configured.
+ * @param <IR> the {@link IndexReader} subclass that should be used to read 
indexes of this type.
+ * @param <IC> the {@link IndexCreator} subclass that should be used to create 
indexes of this type.
+ */
+public interface IndexType<C extends IndexConfig, IR extends IndexReader, IC 
extends IndexCreator> {
+
+  /**
+   * The unique id that identifies this index type.
+   * <p>The returned value for each index should be constant across different 
Pinot versions as it is used as:</p>
+   *
+   * <ul>
+   *   <li>They key used when the index is registered in IndexService.</li>
+   *   <li>The internal identification in v1 files and metadata persisted on 
disk.</li>
+   *   <li>The default toString implementation.</li>
+   *   <li>The key that identifies the index config in the indexes section 
inside
+   *   {@link org.apache.pinot.spi.config.table.FieldConfig}, although 
specific index types may choose to read other
+   *   names (for example, <code>inverted_index</code> may read 
<code>inverted</code> key.</li>
+   * </ul>
+   */
+  String getId();
+
+  Class<C> getIndexConfigClass();
+
+  /**
+   * The default config when it is not explicitly defined by the user.
+   */
+  C getDefaultConfig();
+
+  C getConfig(TableConfig tableConfig, Schema schema);
+
+  /**
+   * Transforms a config object into a Jackson {@link JsonNode}.
+   */
+  default JsonNode serialize(C config) {

Review Comment:
   `IndexConfig` already extends `BaseJsonConfig` which has `toJsonNode()` 
method. Do you see the need for the customized serializer?



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