*Thiruvalla copper plates,* also known as the *Huzur Treasury Plates,* are a collection of medieval temple committee resolutions found at the Sreevallabha Temple <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sreevallabha_Temple>, Thiruvalla <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruvalla>, Kerala <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala>. The collection of plates, engraved in old Malayalam language in Vattezhuthu with some Grantha characters, can be dated to 10th and 11th centuries AD.
The collection consist of forty three plates with writing on both sides, but more than half a dozen plates are missing The contents of the copper plates belong to different periods. The plates were collected, rearranged and edited at a late date. The plates are considered as a treasure trove of information about medieval temple rituals, deities, festivals, castes, professions, personal names, plot names, and prices. The plates were first published in *Travancore Archaeological Series* by T. A. Gopinatha Rao <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._A._Gopinatha_Rao>, under the title "The Huzur Treasury Plates". They were originally kept in the Sreevallabha Temple <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sreevallabha_Temple>, Thiruvalla <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruvalla> (now with the Archeological Department of Kerala). K Rajaram IRS 28725 On Mon, 28 Jul 2025 at 11:42, KRISHNAN VAIDYANATHAN <[email protected]> wrote: > Interesting note and information- is this backed by any carbon dating or > any epigraphic information. Also, curios what was the language used then to > mention these hips information - for sure it may not Malayalam.. > > Kindly ignore typos > Mail sent using hand held device > ------------------------------ > *From:* [email protected] <[email protected]> on > behalf of Rajaram Krishnamurthy <[email protected]> > *Sent:* Monday, July 28, 2025 9:08:19 AM > *To:* gopala krishnan <[email protected]> > *Cc:* Kerala Iyer <[email protected]>; Chittanandam V R < > [email protected]>; YM <[email protected]>; Dr Sundar < > [email protected]>; venkat raman <[email protected]>; Ravi mahajan < > [email protected]>; Venkat Giri <[email protected]>; > SRIRAMAJAYAM <[email protected]>; Mani APS <[email protected]>; Rangarajan > T.N.C. <[email protected]>; Mathangi K. Kumar < > [email protected]>; Srinivasan Sridharan <[email protected]>; > Rama <[email protected]>; Thatha_Patty-Google < > [email protected]>; Sanathana group < > [email protected]>; Jambunathan Iyer < > [email protected]> > *Subject:* [KeralaIyers] Re: SRIVALLABHA TEMPLE –THIRUVALLA- PART 2 > > > The author always gets offended if questioned; 90% of the group may not > visit hereafter any of these temples as age is a factor; or maybe due to > family visits can visit a few. However, my interests, over any temple, lie > on what history IT CAN REVEAL TO US, to connect our Vedic scriptures. So > being a filler, if research is done, may be, the author may throw > information, on Indian History, instead, of copy and paste from, wiki and > dinamalar. WHEN I WAS GOING THROUGH DETAILS IN THE WEB SITES , I WAS > STUNNED BY INFORMATION THAT THE IDOL AGE IS 2998 BCE. MY IMMEDIATE QUESTION > WAS JUST 100 YEARS AHEAD ENDED THE MAHABHARATHA WAR, IF SO ANY WRITE UP > ABOUT IN THE BEAUTIFUL ARCHITECTURES OF THE TEMPLE? NO SIR. NO RAMAYANA NO > MAHBHARATHAM; MEANS KERALA IS UNAWARE OF IT; OR CLASH OF DATES. But there > are a few bloggers, untiring like RAMANATHANS who dig deep like me, and > present a better picture about why Vallabha a north name at Kerala/; where > do Nammalvar step in?; Where Krishna and Vyasa are seen? Thus, the idol is > older; but not, may be, the temple built. Carbon dating do not lie; but > there was no namboodris to find its source at all. Mere spread of Saivism > and Vaishnavism, so we lack History, for British to make fun of us. Now > Ramanathan blog extracts: > > > > Sreevallabha Temple (Malayalam - ശ്രീവല്ലഭ മഹാക്ഷേത്രം), a highly > orthodox Hindu Temple dedicated to Purusha as Lord Sreevallabhan,] is one > among the oldest and biggest Temples of Kerala and a major destination for > devotees all over India for centuries. Located in Thiruvalla town of > Pathanamthitta district, this ocean of orthodoxy is well known for its > architectural grandeur and unique customs that can be found in no other > temples. The stone-wooden carvings and fine mural paintings inside the > temple are worth seeing. Being one among 108 Divya Desams, Sreevallabha > temple has been glorified by Alvars and many other ancient works. It is > considered to be the vallabha kshethram mentioned in Garuda Purana and > Matsya Purana. Lord Vishnu appeared here as Sreevallabhan for sage > Durvasa and Khandakarnan.Pleased by prayers of an old Brahmin lady > Sreevallabhan incarnated as a brahmachari and killed the demon > Thokalaasuran. Later the idol of Sreevallabhan worshipped by Lakshmi and > Krishna has been installed in the temple in 59 BC. From then till date, > the temple follows its own worship protocol that is known to be followed > nowhere else yet. Sage Durvasa and Saptarishi are said to reach the > temple every midnight for worshipping the Lord. The temple had governed one > of the biggest educational institutions in ancient time and heavily > contributed to the cultural and educational developments of Kerala. [TIME > DIFFERENCE 2998 AND 59 2900 YEARS] > > > ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Present Thiru Valla was once a village among 64 Namboothiri villages in > Kerala and is one among the oldest human settlements in India. Since this > place is situated at the mouth (vai) of Manimala River (valla river) it had > *been > known as ‘vallavai’ and later transformed into ‘Thiru Valla’. [why > trevalla?]* > > Historical evidences point out the place had been inhabited by humans > before 3000 BC. The Thiruvalla inscriptions say the temple for Sudarshana > Chakra was built in 2998 BC. > > Another opinion is that the place was named after sreevallabha temple as > sreevallabhapuram > and Thiruvalla in colloquial Malayalam.The temple for Sudarshana Chakra > was built by Sreedevi Antherjanam of Sankramangalathu Illam and it was > elaborately rebuilt by Queen Cherumthevi in 59 BC.Sreevallabha temple > flourished to a major spiritual and educational centre by AD 1100. The > temple had governed a Vedic school (thiruvalla sala) with around 1500 > students and 150 teachers. Veda, Vedanta, Tarka, Mimamsa, Jyotisha, > Ayurveda, Kalaripayattu etc. were taught here. The temple also owned an > ayurvedic hospital with facilities to admit and treat 100 patients at a > time. Addressing lord Sreevallabhan by names Kolapiran, Thiruvazhmarvan and > Sundarayan, the Tamil vaishnavite saints Nammalvar of the 5th century AD > (2612-2622 in Divya Prabhandham) and Thirumangai Alvar of the 9th century > AD (paasurams 1806-1817 in Divya prabhandham) had praised glory of the > temple.Famous Sankrit poet Daṇḍin (7th century AD) of Kanchi mentioned the > temple in his works. > > The first ever prose work in Malayalam is the Thiruvalla inscriptions > dated first half of the 12th century AD,which was obtained from the temple > during 1915. The famous Unnuneeli Sandesam of the 13th century AD > highlighted the grandeur, beauty, serenity, fame and status of the temple > during its time. Other works that glorified the temple are Sreevallabha > Ksethra Mahathmyam of the 10th century AD, Sreevallabha Charitham kavyam, > Thukalasura Vadham Kathakali, Sreevallabha Charitham Kathakali, > Sreevallabha Vijayam Kathakali, Sreevallabha Suprabhatham, Sreevallabha > Karnamritha Sthothram, Yajanavali Sangrham etc. > > From the date built, the temple was under control of thiruvalla > pattillathil pottimar (Brahmins of ten families) till 1752-1753. > Sreevallabha Temple emerged out as a major spiritual destination for > devotees all over India centuries before. It had 15 major priests > (melsanthi) and 180 sub-ordinate priests (keezhsanthi) all the time and > another 108 for only daily noon pooja. Temple provided staying and food > facilities for all visitors, students, teachers etc. and also used to > conduct annadanam (serving food to the poor) daily. Naivedyam of Lord > Sreevallabhan for a single time used to be made from 45 para (one para can > feed appx 100 persons) rice. In all these years, temple acquired enormous > amount of wealth that it even used to serve food in golden banana leaves > and throw them considering as the leavings. It also had thousands of acres > of land too which are lost now. During 1752-1753 Marthanda Varma of > Travancore captured the temple from Pathillathil Pottimar and it is > believed that Ramayyan Dalawa looted whole temple assets to > Thiruvananthapuram. Up to 1968, ladies and elephants were not allowed in > the temple. The temple used to be opened for ladies only during > Thiruvathira of dhanu month and Vishu of medam till then. Anyhow now this > custom is not in practise. These facts clearly say that how popular and > wealthy the temple was in those days. > > > --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Architecture of the Temple: > > Built in the silent and picturesque land on the banks of Manimala river, > this icon of Kerala temple architecture, covers an area of 8.5 acres and > ranks first among the temples of old Travancore state in terms of area > inside the compound wall. The temple is surrounded on all sides by 12 feet, > tall 566 feet long, 4.5 feet thick red granite compound walls with a > two-storied gopuram (gate tower) on each side. This huge wall was built in > 57 BC and is believed that it was completed in a single night by > bhoothagana (servants) of The Lord. Outside eastern wall a big pond > covering 1.5 acres is seen in north-eastern direction with a copper > flagstaff on its southern bank. > > Smaller shrines for lord Ganapathy and Ayyappan and another auditorium are > seen in south-western side. The position of kshethra palan or temple guard > which is strictly built in all temples on northern side is found here just > in front of Ganapathy’s shrine i.e. on southern side which also is another > peculiarity found nowhere else. The sacred fig and mango trees beneath > which sage Durvasa meditated is found near Ayyappan shrine. [LONG AFTER > BUILT] Just outside the western gopuram, Sankaramangalth Illam where > Sreedevi Antharjanam lived is seen well preserved for the initiation of any > pooja in the temple. Northern gopuram is closed always and is opened only > for Uthra Sreebali festival. North east to pradakshina veethi, a self > originated pond called Jalavanthi or Khandakarna theerthem which is > believed to contain 64 hidden idols of the Lord is seen. It is for only the > use of priests. > > Spot where sage Vedavyasa and sage Durvasa disappeared is found on its > eastern bank and resting building for the priests on southern side. North > to the temple a roofless shrine dedicated to kurayappa swamy is seen. No > pooja is done here, but only banana as naivedyam. The bahir bali vrutham or > outer circle of sacrificial stones is built inner to bahir pradakshina > veethi. The temple koothambalam (stage) was destroyed by fire in 1915. > > The most highlighted construction of the temple is the Garuda dhvaja > sthambam or flagstaff of Garuda, the majestic eagle mount of lord Vishnu. > This monolithic structure is completely built from black granite and > elevated 53.5 feet above the ground with its lower end touching water > table. Constructed in 57 BC, this structure was also built in a single > night along with the outer wall. And an amazing fact is that no black > granites can be found in an area ten miles around the temple. A 3 feet > massive idol of Garuda is placed on the top of it facing the main sanctum. > Since this flagstaff started slanting and reached its current position, a > three tiered copper roofed construction has been made all around it to > prevent further slanting. West to this, currently used golden flagstaff can > be seen.West to the third flagstaff, balikkalpura (room of the major > sacrificial stone) is built around a ten feet tall balipeetha (main > sacrificial stone). Vallyambalam (building attached to naalambalam at its > main entrance and between naalambalam and balikkalpura) is a double storied > copper sheet roofed building standing on 16 stone pillars. These pillars > and the roof are noted for their exquisite and minute carvings > demonstrating the excellence of those who built it. The central corridor of > vallyambalam leads to naalambalam (double walled building constructed > around sanctum-sanctorum at a distance) with thidappalli or holy kitchen, > navakappura or room for navaka pooja etc. The 150 feet long, 11 feet Broad > square naalambalam is completely made out of black stones and supported by > 54 stone pillars beautifully carved with the image of a Salabhanjika on > each. Outside naalambalam, a deepasala (galaxy of bronze lamps) is built on > teak wood. The western part of naalambalam is adorned with some murals and > a small shrine for vadakkum thevar i.e., the idols of Vishnu, Shiva, > Parvati, Murugan and Nrithaganapathy worshipped by Sreedevi Antherjanam. > Two namaskara mandapam (prostration building) are built against both doors > of Sreekovil (sanctum-sanctorum) and only Brahmins are allowed there. The > eastern mandapam is 24 feet long square building with copper sheeted roof > and stand on 12 wooden and 4 stone pillars. All these are well known for > their fine carvings. The western mandapam is small and also square shaped. > The circular, copper roofed, golden domed sreekovil is adorned with finely > etched murals of matsya, kaaliyamardana, kurma, Dakshinamurthy, varaha, > venu gopala, maha ganapathy, narasimha, vamana, sudarshana, parashurama, > sree rama, Purusha sukta, balarama, sreeKrishna, lakshmi, kalki and garuda > in clockwise manner. Sreekovil has an outer perimeter of 160 feet and has > three concentric walls. It enshrines Lord Sreevallabhan facing east and > Sudarshana chakra(sathrusamhaaramoorthy) facing west under the same roof. > Sreevallabhan is portrayed as bearing a lotus in right hand, chakra in > right upper hand, sankha in left upper hand and his left hand kept on his > waist (kati hastham). This 7 feet tall massive idol is situated at a height > of 10 feet in such a way that one has to bend his body to see it and its > top and bottom cannot be seen. Along with this idol other idols of Vishnu, > Lakshmi, Dakshinamurthy, Varaha and Sreebali bimbam or procession idol of > Sreevallabhan are also there. Unlike usual yantra form, here Sudarsana is > installed in eight handed human form bearing sankha (conch), chakra(disc), > gada, padma(lotus), pasha(rope), ankusa (hook), musala(pole), and > dhanu(bow).No other temples are known to enshrine lord Vishnu and lord > Sudarsana under same roof. > > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Legends: > > Second passage on the Western side: > > Legends have their own space in relation with the history of a temple, but > they should never be mixed up. While going through the legends related to > Sreevallabha temple it is clear that even though Sreevallabhan’s idol is > older, it was the temple for sudarshana built first. These legends can be > summarised as below. > > Ascend of Sreevallabhan’s idol to the earth: > > Before creation, while being in deep meditation at the origin of universe, > Viratpurusha appeared to Brahma. Brahma understood the Lord as he could and > later on continued worshipping Purusha in an idol created by Vishvakarma > from energy concentrated out of extreme power and vehemence of Purusha. > Upon request by Samudradeva (god of water) lord Brahma advised worship > protocol of Purusha to him and handed over the idol. Later goddess Adi > Parashakti takes birth as Samudradeva’s daughter in the name Sreedevi > (lakshmi,shree). Sreedevi worshipped the very same idol and lord Vishnu > promised to marry her while she comes out during churning of the milky > ocean in Krita yuga. This eventually made Vishnu to be known as > sreevallabhan (sree-lakshmi, vallabhan-husband) and the goddess > incorporated her power also to the idol. Later Vishnu married Lakshmi as he > promised. > > Tapasya of sage Durvasa: > > After the churning of milky ocean, sage Durvasa was upset due his own > wrathful nature which led to the whole incidents. He sought advice of his > father, lord Shiva who directed Durvasa to lord Brahma for getting the > knowledge of Parabrahmam. Brahma advised the same as he did to Samudradeva > and asked him to worship the Lord. Durvasa along with 63 disciples reached > the Earth and found a suitable place and named it as Mallikavanam (forest > of jasmines). Durvasa did tapas beneath jointly growing mango and sacred > fig. Later in treta yuga the Lord appeared to the sage. As lord Vishnu > appeared, water sprouts rushed out of earth and Durvasa washed the Lord’s > feet with it. Pleased with the sage’s devotion, Vishnu promised to be > present at the spot forever on a condition that the sage should do his > service whenever he appear in a form that can be visualized by all. (The > spot where Durvasa meditated is south-west to the temple and the water > sprouts turned into a tank, Jalavanthy) > > Khandakarnan and his bells: > > In spite of being son of lord Shiva, Khandakarnan was a horrible ogre who > used to sacrifice animals to please Shiva and never missed any chance to > humiliate Vishnu.He had a pair of bells as ear rings so that he can hear > only the name of Shiva what he used to chant always. As he didn’t get > salvation even after long time, he asked Shiva for its reason. Shiva > decided to teach him both Shiva and Vishnu are same advised him to worship > Vishnu.Directed by Durvasa, Khandakarnan reaches Mallikavanam. There he > took bath in Jalavanthy and threw away his ear rings and got a new pair so > that he can hear only the name of Vishnu thereafter. During Dvapara Yuga, > Vishnu appeared in front of him as Sreevallabhan and he got salvation. By > this, Jalavanthy became famous by the name Khandakarna Theerthem. > > Journey of Sreevallabhan’s idol: > > Soon after the construction of Dvaraka, Samudradeva gifted many precious > things including Sreevallabhan’s idol to Krishna. Krishna handed it over to > his friend Satyaki saying “there is nothing in the world for Vishnu pooja > like Sreevallabhan’s idol. Worshipping Vishnu directly and worshipping this > idol are the same always. It has got the power to wash away even sins > accumulated through ages”. Satyaki asked Krishna’s permission for building > a temple and celestial architect Vishvakarma constructed the biggest temple > in Dvārakā. Sage Vedavyasa installed the idol and Durvasa advised worship > protocol. During end of dvapara yuga Sathyaki handed over the idol to > Garuda and asked to keep it safe for the use of humans in Kali yuga. Garuda > went to Ramanaka island and worshipped it there. Worship of the idol made > Garuda free from all his curses. When the time for Garuda to leave the > earth reached, he had hidden the idol in the Bhadra deep of *Netravati > River (in present day Dakshina kannada dist., Karnataka)* > > Annihilation of Thokalasuran: > > Brahmins are envious: > > Mallikavanam became a human settlement before thousands of years and > emerged out as a high profile spiritual and educational centre with > enormous wealth and human power.At that time only Brahmin families were not > less than 3000 and Sankaramangalath illam enjoyed top status among them. > But Sankaramangalath Illam faced risk of extinction as only an old lady and > her younger son Narayana Bhattathiri lived there. Bhattathiri married > Sreedevi Antharjanam against dreams of others that they will get his wealth > too by making their daughters getting married with him. Sreedevi > Antherjanam had all good qualities but illiterate. Since literacy was a > mandatory for Brahmins and even women were well versed in Sanskrit, being > illiterate was a matter of humiliation and envious Brahmins never missed a > chance to humiliate Antharjanam to which she never paid any attention.As > the couple had no children even long after marriage, they started Ekadasi > vrata for the same. The method adopted by Antharjanam for this was the most > difficult one which made her to leave food and sleep also and she made her > servant Sreedevi and her son Mukundan to follow the same.Since they were > too wealthy Antherjanam started giving food to anyone at anytime which only > increased the wrath of orthodox Brahmins. > > Humiliation of Antharjanam and miracle: > > As time passed, Bhattathiri died and Antherjanam was left all alone in the > world. Since she regularly performed the Ekadasi vrata, she became a good > devotee of Vishnu.However she was deeply troubled by the fact that she was > unable to do ekadasi as she could not read panchangam(astrological > calendar) and that others would humiliate her illiteracy if she were to ask > them. But she somehow found an ekadasi day and to mark the days, she would > keep a pebble in a pot each day so as to know when 15 days had passed. But > many times the actual ekadasi day was either a day earlier or a day later > than the one she thought due to the change in the appearance of the moon. > This brought on more humiliation and people began associating all sorts of > stubborn acts with her name. But one day, to everyone's shock, two > astrolegers confirmed the day to be ekadasi at Sankaramangalath Illam while > it was dasami at every other place. Astonished by this incident, people > understood and accepted the unconditional devotion of Antherjanam and > started calling her “Sankaramangalathamma” or “Chankrothamma” with > respect.This lead the whole village to perform Ekadashi vrata on the same > days Antharjanam did. > > Troublesome Thokalasura and Yakshi: > > After many years Mallikavanam was attacked by a dreadful Asura called > Thokalaasuran who looted every one and was fond of eating young human > flesh. At the same time a yakshi (vampire) also reached western road to the > village attacking everyone who come by that way. This made many to leave > the place and outsiders to avoid the place. Being too aged, Antharjanam > couldn’t go anywhere. But it became very difficult to find a brahmachari > (Brahmin boy who is under his deeksha after samavartanam) and thus doing > paarana (final, most important event of ekadasi. Washing feet of > brahmacharis and serving food to them) also became difficult. One day > Antharjanam couldn’t find any brahmachari and she cried in front of her > idol of Vishnu requesting not to break her custom that she had been > following from many years. By the time a young brahmachari reached there > and asked food. Antharjanam became glad to see him and asked him to come > after bath since she needed to complete rituals of Ekadasi. Discarding all > warnings given by Antharjanam, the young man stepped towards the river > where Thokalaasuran lived. There happened a big fight between both. Finally > the golden pole with the brahmachari turned into Sudarshana chakra and he > killed Thokalasuran and his crew. After this, brahmachari washed his chakra > in water and installed the Shivalinga worshipped by Thokalaasuran on a hill > top. Reaching the northern entrance of the village, he conquered and tied > hands of yakshi. After installing an idol of Durga on the rock with what he > covered the well in which Yakshi was put, the Brahmachari requested Goddess > Mahamaya to protect Mallikavanam from all other tree directions. > > *Installation of Sudarshana:* > > Later the young man with five other brahmacharis reached Sankaramangalath > illam. Antharjanam completed all rituals and served food to them in areca > nut leaves as the rakshasa had destroyed all banana plantains. Goddess > Lakshmi disguised as a housewife entered the scene and served thrippuli (a > kind of pickle) to the brahmachari. Knowing Thukalasuran had been murdered > by the brahmachari, people came there to visit him and requested show them > his Chakra to salute. Brahmachari installed it in human form with eight > hands facing west on the raised land east to them and advised for its daily > worship. Sreedevi Antharjanam decided to build a temple there and asked > Pathillathil Pottimar to be the administrators. The gathered people paid > their oblations to the Chakra and prostrated in front of it. Then the > brahmachari removed his uthareeyam (dess covering his chest) showing his > chest adorned with Sreevatsam and goddess Lakshmi residing there, for > Antharjanam to be confirmed that he was lord Vishnu only and on showing his > Viswaroopam, Anthajanam, her servant and servant’s son got salvation by > merging with Him. This incident happened on 2998 BC and thereafter > Mallikavanam became famous as Chakrapuram. Fvive brahmachari came along > with the Lord were sage Durvasa and his desciples. The place where > Thukalasuran lived is now known as Thukalassery, where he has been killed > as Konnakkulangara, where brahmachari washed his Chakra as Chakrashaalana > kadav, where he installed Durga’s idol as Thiru Erankavu and three abodes > of Mahamaya around the area as Aalumthuruthy, Karunaattukaavu and > Padappaad. The Sankaramangalath illam is still well preserved outside the > temple near to its western gate and is considered as the place of origin > of the temple. Hence any custom followed in the temple starts here only. > > *Installation of Sreevallabhan’s idol:* > > *Around 3000 years after this incident*, King Cheraman Perumal visited > the temple and his wife Queen Cherumthevi expressed her wish to build a > shrine for Vishnu also attached with it rebuilding the whole structure. > They ordered a Vishnu’s idol from Tamilakam after the temple construction. > > One night the Queen had a dream in which Garuda disguised as a Brahmin > informed > her about Sreevallabhan’s idol and asked to install it there. With the help > of Garuda and Tulu Brahmins, Cheraman Perumal brought the idol to > Chakrapuram for installation. But during installation ceremony, the idol > didn’t fit to its peetham or seat, the priests felt something supernatural > and everyone came out near Jalavannthy. Then they heard celestial > instruments being played and chanting of vedic hymns from inside. As they > rushed and opened altar door, they saw the idol installed at right place > with blazing light everywhere and a couple of bananas in an Areca nut palm > leaf in front of the idol. Two celestial beings came out of the > sanctum-sanctorum and disappeared on eastern bank of Jalavanthy and they > were Durvasa and Vedavyasa. > > Thereafter Chakrapuram had been renamed as Sreevallabhapuram. The idol > that King ordered had been installed at Sree Krishna temple, Malayinkeezhu, > Thiruvananthapuram. Sreevallabha temple had been built by Uliyannoor > Perumthachan, the architectural legend. The temple wall and Garuda dhwaja > were completed in a single day in 57 BC by the crew of the Lord. > Perumthachan had made a panchaloha idol of Garuda which is currently seen > over Garuda dhwajam. Soon after the installation, Garuda tried to fly and > perumthachan stopped it by cutting its one wing by throwing his axe. The > present copper flag is built there where Garuda had fallen during this > incident. > > *Ban for women:* > > *After an incident of a woman* getting salvation inside the shrine, > ladies were more attracted to the temple. A series of inauspicious events > happened after a lady who had been enchanted by beauty of the handsome idol > entered the sanctum-sanctorum to marry the Lord and the administrators > decided to ban women from entering the temple after an astrological > counseling. But on request, they agreed to allow women twice a year during > Thiruvathira of Dhanu month and Vishu in Medam when the Lord will be > dressed up with mud, ashes, torn clothes etc. to look ugly. The ban was > removed in 1968. > > Vilwamangalam and Nammalvar: > > One early morning, Vilwamangalam Swamiyar visited the temple while > Kathakali was being played outside. Swamiyar was astonished for not feeling > the presence of the Lord inside. As he reached outer aanakkottil, he saw a > young Brahmin watching kathakali and recognised him as none other than the > Lord. Suddenly lord Sreevallabhan disappeared into the temple saying > Swamiyar disturbed him while He was enjoying Kathakali, his favourite. > Thereafter > Kathakali became an important offering and is being played regularly in the > temple.And too, to Nammalvar, Sreevallabhan appeared as Padmanabha > sleeping in the ocean of milk, Sree Chakrapani, Infant Krishna showing all > worlds in his mouth and Vamana who asked three feet land to King Mahabali. > > > -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > Vishnu at Sreevallabha Temple is being worshipped his cosmic, original and > transcendental form Purusha which can be understood from using different > moola manthra/fundamental hymn for different aspects of Purusha contrary to > the strict usage of only a single fundamental hymn in all temples, > sanctum-sanctorum is built in such a way that the top and bottom of the > deity can’t be seen as Viratpurusha has no origin and end, Peetha pooja > which is mandatory in all vaidika temples is not done here as Purusha is > devoid of origin and end, dressing up the deity only with white or saffron > clothes contrary to popular yellow clothing used for Vishnu temples of > vaidika sampradaya which suggests the eternity of Purusha and the rituals > and customs followed in the temple includes all Shaiva, Vaishnava and > Shakteya worshipping that are now in practise in vaidika sampradaya because > Purusha being the ultimate and others being only aspects of Purusha. > > Generally all kerala temples follow Vaidika School of worship based on the > book Tantrasamuchayam. But Sreevallabha Temple doesn’t follow > Tantrasamuchayam and follows its own School called Pancharaathra Vidhaanam. > No other temples are known to follow it but Thripunithura Sree > Poornathrayeesa Temple follows a school of worship somewhat similar to that > of Sreevallabha Temple.It is to be noted that the temple has never changed > its worship protocols since 59 BC and it is doubtful that any other temple > follows such an ancient system. > > > ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > The Pancharaathra Vidhaanam: > > This should not be confused with Pancharatra Agama of Vaishnavites which > is completely an Āgama Sampradaya established by 11 AD whereas > Pancharaathra Vidhanam is completely Vaidika Sampradaya of 4 BC origin.But > base for both these is the same- five spontaneous aspects of Purusha – > Param, Vyooham, Vibhavam, Antharyaami and Archa, but these have got > entirely different explanations in Vedic tradition and Āgama tradition. > Durvasa Samhitha based on Pancharaathra Vidhaanam by Sage Durvasa explains > the rituals to be performed. The book Yajanavali, the nutshell of Durvasa > Samhitha is being followed for worshipping lord Sreevallabhan and > Ahirbudhnya Samhitha for Sudarshanamoorthy.Considering Srishti, Sthithi and > Laya as the tejas of five aspects of Purusha, five pooja are performed here > and the deity is adorned like Brahmachari, Grihastha and Sanyasi in > different forms during these pooja.These customs are highly orthodox and > can’t be found anywhere else.The base of every temple is the energy driven > through Moola mantra/fundamental hymen (of the respective God), which > should never be changed/misused and strictly used during every pooja. If > not, it changes the chaitanya or energy of the temple and is believed to > produce disastrous effects to both temple and the place where it is > situated, which need to be rectified by expensive and complicated > penitential procedures. So no temples have multiple moola manthram where as > Sreevallabha temple uses different moola manthram for different occasions. > This is just an example to show how unique are the customs followed here > and from basics, whole things are entirely different. > > > ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- > > There were five Namboothiri Brahmin families and ten Tulu Brahmin families > appointed as melsanthi or chief priests along with 180 keezhsanthi or > sub-ordinate priests. Another 108 brahmacharins were also needed for daily > paala namaskaaram. Thanthram (power of conducting temple rituals) is for > three families viz. Thukalasseri Tharayil Kuzhikkattu, Thekkedathu > Kuzhikkattu and Memena Kuzhikkattu families.Now only two melsanthi are > there instead of 15. Any kind of pooja performed here should be done after > doing a token worship or starting it at Sankaramangalath Illam as it is > considered to be the moola sthaana (place of origin) of Sreevallabha temple. > > K RAJARAM IRS 28725 > > On Sun, 27 Jul 2025 at 19:57, 'gopala krishnan' via Thatha_Patty < > [email protected]> wrote: > > SRIVALLABHA TEMPLE –THIRUVALLA- PART 2 > > CONTINUED FROM PART 1 > > Worship customs > > At Sreevallabha Temple, Vishnu is worshipped in his cosmic, original and > transcendental form (purusha). In the sanctum sanctorum, the top and bottom > of the deity cannot be seen because purusha has no beginning or end. > Clothing the deity in white or saffron suggests the eternity of purusha. > Sreevallabha Temple follows the unique Pancharaathra Vidhaanam school of > worship, which has been unchanged since 59 BC, *DICTATED BY SAGE DURVASA*. > > Pancharaathra Vidhaanam > > Pancharaathra Vidhaanam originated in 4 BC. Durvasa Samhitha (based on > Pancharaathra Vidhaanam) by the sage Durvasa explains the rituals > performed. The book Yajanavali is followed for worshipping Vishnu .Five > unique pujas are performed, when the deity is adorned like Brahmachari, > Grihastha and Sanyasi in several forms. > > Pujas > > Five pujas are performed daily. The deity is awakened and bathed with holy > water. This is followed by a naivedyam (offering). The idol is then dressed > like a brahmachari in an 18-foot-long white mundu with two flower garlands. > > After the main offering, the deity is dressed in a saffron-yellow mundu > with a garland. > > At noon, the deity is worshipped as a grihastha (householder). In the > fifth (evening) puja, the deity is worshipped as Parabrahma and dressed in > a saffron-coloured mundu with a tulasi garland. After the sleeping > ceremony, the sanctum sanctorum is closed. > > Temple customs > > *Sreevallabha Temple is known for its orthodox customs. Poet and high > priest Vishnunarayanan Namboothiri was temporarily removed from his post in > 1997 after he crossed the sea to address the Millennium Conference on > Integration on Science and Consciousness in Britain, violating temple > customs.* > > The chief priest should be 50 years old and married. Every three years, > priests can be changed. *Devotees should never use sacred ash (vibhuti) > inside the temple wall.* > > Ritual walk > > Four clockwise circumambulations (Parikramas) are advised in the temple: > one outside and three inside. *Enter through the east gate, turn left and > worship Ganapathy, Shiva and Ayyappan on the southern side.* After > circumambulating the sacred-fig and mango trees, proceed to > Sankaramangalath Illam outside the western gate. Return to the temple and > take the northern circumambulation path. Salute Kali at the northern gate. > Visit Jalavanthy and salute Vedavyasa and Durvasa on its east bank. Turn > *right > and worship Garuda before entering the temple. In the sanctum, worship > Sreevallabha, Lakshmi, Bhudevi, Varaha and Dakshinamurthy through the > eastern door and Sudarshana Chakra through the western door.* > > Festivals > > The temple observes two major festivals. One, for ten days, is celebrated > in the month of kumbham in the Malayalam calendar (February–March). Uthra > Sreebali, the temple's largest festival, is celebrated in the Malayalam > month of minam (March–April). It is the festival of three goddesses. Before > their holy bath on the eighth day, the goddesses proceed to Sreevallabha > Temple. Ashtapadi hymns are played, followed by dancing among lamps. > > Other festival observed is Vishu . > > Temple timings > > The temple opens from 4 a.m. to noon and 5:00 to 8:00 p.m. Timings of > major events are as follows. At 4 a.m. the deity is awakened. The deity is > viewed at 4:30, and bathed at 5:00 a.m.] The first puja is at 6:30, and the > first outside procession (sreebali) is at 8:00.] The second puja is at > 9:00, followed by a third at 10:45 a.m. Another procession is at 11:30, > before the temple closes at noon. > > It reopens at 5:00 p.m. There is a fourth puja at 7:00, and a fifth at > 7:30. The third and final procession is at 8:00, before the temple closes. > > Offerings > > The four main daily offerings are Paala Namaskaaram, Kathakali, > Pantheerayiram and the Kesadipaadam garland. The popular Paala Namaskaaram, > part of the third puja, is the *serving of food to the deity and the > Brahmins in areca nut palm leaves*. Kathakali is performed each evening. > Pantheerayiram is the offering of 12,001 bananas in a special ritual, > usually made at the Pantheeradi (second) puja. The Kesaadipaadam garland is > a flower garland, measuring about 15 feet, which adorns the deity during > the third and fourth pujas. Other offerings are made during specific pujas. > > Sudarsana chakra > > The Thiruvalla inscriptions say the temple for Sudarshana Chakra was built > in 2998 BC. The temple for Sudarshana Chakra was built by Sreedevi > Antherjanam of Sankramangalathu Illam and it was elaborately rebuilt by > Queen Cherumthevi in 59 BC. > > Temple flourishing > > Sreevallabha temple flourished to a major spiritual and educational centre > by AD 1100. The temple had governed a Vedic school (thiruvalla sala) with > around 1500 students and 150 teachers. Veda, Vedanta, Tarka, Mimamsa, > Jyotisha, Ayurveda, and Kalaripayattu were taught there. > > The temple also owned an Ayurveda hospital with facilities to admit and > treat 100 patients at a time. The first ever prose work in Malayalam is the > Thiruvalla inscriptions dated to the first half of the 12th century AD, > which was obtained from the temple during 1915. > > The Unnuneeli Sandesam of the 13th century AD highlighted the grandeur, > beauty, serenity, fame and status of the temple during its time. Other > works that glorified the temple are Sreevallabha Ksethra Mahathmyam of the > 10th century AD, Sreevallabha Charitham kavyam, Thukalasura Vadham > Kathakali, Sreevallabha Charitham Kathakali, Sreevallabha Vijayam > Kathakali, Sreevallabha Suprabhatham, Sreevallabha Karnamritha Sthothram, > Yajanavali Sangrham etc. > > > > From the date built, the temple was under control of Thiruvalla > Pattillathil Pottimar (Brahmins of ten families) till 1752-1753. > Sreevallabha Temple emerged out as a major spiritual destination for > devotees all over India centuries before. It had 15 major priests > (melsanthi) and 180 sub-ordinate priests (keezhsanthis) all the time and > another 108 for only daily noon pooja. Temple provided staying and food > facilities for all visitors, students, teachers etc. and also used to > conduct annadanam (serving food to the poor) daily. Naivedyam of Lord > Sreevallabhan for a single time used to be made from 45 para (one para can > feed approximately 100 persons) rice. In all these years, temple acquired > enormous amount of wealth, so much, that it even used to serve food in > golden banana leaves and throw them considering as the leavings. It also > had thousands of acres of land too which are lost now. > > During 1752-1753 Marthanda Varma of Travancore captured the temple from > Pathillathil Pottimar, and it is believed that Ramayyan Dalawa looted > whole temple assets to Thiruvananthapuram. > > *Up to 1968, ladies and elephants were not allowed in the temple*. The > temple used to be opened for ladies only during Thiruvathira of dhanu month > and Vishu of medam till then. *Anyhow now this custom is not in practise. > These facts clearly say that how popular and wealthy the temple was in > those days.* > > *Legends have their own space in relation with the history of a temple, > but they should never be mixed up. While going through the legends related > to Sreevallabha temple it is clear that even though Sreevallabhan’s idol is > older, it was the temple for Sudarshana built first.* > > How To Reach > > By Bus-Thiruvalla Market Bus Station, about 600 m away > > By Train-Thiruvalla Railway Station, about 3 km > > Administration > > The temple, administered by the Travancore Devaswom Board, is a major > temple in the Thiruvalla group. > > Address: > > Sree Vallabha Temple, Road, Kizhakummuri, Thiruvalla, Kerala 689102 > > > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Thatha_Patty" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/440277951.2354749.1753626436909%40mail.yahoo.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/thatha_patty/440277951.2354749.1753626436909%40mail.yahoo.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > > -- > On Facebook, please join https://www.facebook.com/groups/keralaiyerstrust > > We are now on Telegram Mobile App also, please join > > Pattars/Kerala Iyers Discussions: https://t.me/PattarsGroup > > Kerala Iyers Trust Decisions only posts : https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrust > > Kerala Iyers Trust Group for Discussions: > https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrustGroup > --- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "KeralaIyers" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/CAL5XZooBwwSpm2gxwWMFV0uCU3dc_8PDbCcJj_WFjZJvm%3D%3Da-w%40mail.gmail.com > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/CAL5XZooBwwSpm2gxwWMFV0uCU3dc_8PDbCcJj_WFjZJvm%3D%3Da-w%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > > -- > On Facebook, please join https://www.facebook.com/groups/keralaiyerstrust > > We are now on Telegram Mobile App also, please join > > Pattars/Kerala Iyers Discussions: https://t.me/PattarsGroup > > Kerala Iyers Trust Decisions only posts : https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrust > > Kerala Iyers Trust Group for Discussions: > https://t.me/KeralaIyersTrustGroup > --- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "KeralaIyers" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/MN0P221MB14581D4EB28523855589538FA65AA%40MN0P221MB1458.NAMP221.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM > <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/keralaiyers/MN0P221MB14581D4EB28523855589538FA65AA%40MN0P221MB1458.NAMP221.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> > . > -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Thatha_Patty" group. 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