CULTURAL QA 08202412
Topic- Human body and General base Quora QA-Compiled
Q2 What historical fact blows your mind?
KR The narration makes Drake a pirate. Spanish armada is History.
The conflict was rooted in religious and political tensions between
Catholic Spain and Protestant England. Queen Elizabeth I of England was
Protestant, and her support for Protestant causes in Europe, along with her
defeat of the Spanish forces in the Netherlands, antagonized Catholic
Spain. Spain was a dominant maritime power under Philip II, and he sought
to reassert his influence over England, which was seen as a rebellious and
hostile power.
The Armada’s Mission
The primary goal of the Armada was to overthrow Elizabeth I and replace
her with the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, who had been executed by
Elizabeth in 1587. The plan was to sail to the Netherlands, where Spanish
troops were stationed, and then launch an invasion of England. The Armada
consisted of about 130 ships, including galleons, and was supported by a
large number of troops and supplies.
The Conflict
Engagements: The Armada faced several challenges. Poor weather and
navigation issues hampered their progress. The English navy, led by
commanders such as Sir Francis Drake and Lord Howard of Effingham, used
more maneuverable ships and effective tactics.
Key Battles: The most notable engagements included the Battle of Gravelines
in late July 1588, where the English fleet inflicted significant damage on
the Armada.
Outcome and Significance
Defeat: The Armada was ultimately defeated and forced to retreat. Key
factors in the defeat included the English naval tactics, the use of fire
ships, and adverse weather conditions. Many of the Spanish ships were
wrecked by storms as they attempted to return to Spain.
Impact: The defeat of the Spanish Armada marked the beginning of the
decline of Spain's maritime dominance and the rise of England as a major
naval power. It also solidified Elizabeth I’s position and Protestantism in
England.
The defeat of the Spanish Armada had profound implications for European
geopolitics and is celebrated in England as a symbol of national resilience
and maritime prowess.
When Drake returned to England in 1580, he brought with him a
substantial amount of treasure. He presented a portion of this loot to
Queen Elizabeth I. The treasure included gold, silver, and other valuable
goods that he had acquired during his voyage. Queen Elizabeth was very
pleased with Drake's success, and his return was celebrated as a
significant achievement for England. Drake's exploits and the wealth he
brought back helped to bolster England's position as a growing maritime
power and contributed to the national pride of the period. Elizabeth I even
knighted Drake aboard his ship, the Golden Hind, in recognition of his
accomplishments and the valuable contributions he made to England. A
pirate will not be glorified by a kingdom.
Q3 Can you write something that will shock me to the core?
KR 1 Drip irrigation, a method that delivers water directly to the
plant roots in a controlled manner, has ancient origins but was formalized
and popularized in modern agriculture through various advancements.
A Primitive drip irrigation has been used since ancient times. Fan
Shengzhi shu, written in China during the first century BCE, describes the
use of buried, unglazed clay pots filled with water, sometimes referred to
as Ollas, as a means of irrigation.
2 Ancient Persia (Iran): The use of "qanats," underground water channels,
dates back to around 3000 BCE. These systems allowed water to seep slowly
from underground sources to the surface fields.
3 Ancient Egypt and Rome: Various forms of controlled water delivery
systems were used, though not specifically drip irrigation.
4 Dating back 200 years, tribes in northeast India have used bamboo
drip irrigation as a means of bringing water to seasonal crops. This
timeless and traditional technology uses locally available material while
harnessing the forces of gravity. An assortment of holed bamboo shoots
zig-zag downhill, diverting the natural flow of streams and springs across
terraced cropland. The advantages of using bamboo are two-fold: it prevents
leakage, increasing crop yield with less water, and makes use of natural,
local, and inexpensive material.
The Jaintia, Khasi, and Garo hills of Meghalaya are largely made up of
steep slopes and generally rocky terrain where the soil has low water
retention capacity and where the use of groundwater channels is impossible.
During the dry seasons, rainfed crops such as paddy, betal leaf, and black
peppers can be irrigated by bamboo drip irrigation.
Within the Jainta hills, the small village of Nongbah relies on
terrace agriculture
for paddy cultivation. There are no restrictions for individuals tapping
into water flows from perennial streams, natural springs, or collection
ponds. This enables farmers, nearly 97% of the population, to cultivate
paddy, betal leaf, and black peppers in seasonal rotations. Meanwhile,
drinking needs are met by perennial springs during the dry months, from
October to March.
Only during the winter is irrigation required, and the bamboo system is
used for crops that need relatively less water.
The few materials needed are a small dao (a type of local axe), bamboo
strands of various sizes, forked branches, smaller bamboo shoots used for
the channel diversions, and two willing laborers. A. Singh, in his book
Bamboo Drip Irrigation Systems, investigated its use in Meghalaya and says
that two workers can construct a system covering one hectare of land in 15
days. About four or five stages of irrigation zig-zag from the water source
to the last point of application. Along the way, 18-20 liters of water will
eventually disseminate at a rate of 20-80 drops per minute.
5 Early 20th Century: The concept of drip irrigation in its modern form
began to take shape. Researchers and engineers started developing systems
to more precisely control the amount of water delivered to plants.
Founder of Modern Drip Irrigation:
Simcha Blass: An Israeli engineer, often credited as the founder of modern
drip irrigation. In the 1950s, Blass, along with his son, Yeshayahu Blass,
developed a practical drip irrigation system. They initially tested it on
their own farm and then further refined the technology. Their work led to
the establishment of the Israeli company Netafim in 1965, which became a
leading provider of drip irrigation systems worldwide.
Controlled Watering: Drip irrigation technology involves a network of
tubing and emitters that provide a slow, steady supply of water directly to
the plant roots, minimizing water waste and improving efficiency.
Global Impact: The adoption of drip irrigation has revolutionized
agriculture, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, enabling more
efficient use of water resources and enhancing crop yields.
Drip irrigation is now widely used around the world and continues to evolve
with advancements in technology, benefiting farmers and contributing to
sustainable agriculture.
Q5 Bones: Yes 206 but altered as:
The human adult skeleton typically consists of 206 bones, but this number
can vary slightly due to individual differences and variations. Here’s a
bit more detail:
Bone Count in Humans:
At Birth: Newborns have approximately 270 bones. This higher number is due
to the presence of several bones that eventually fuse together as a person
grows.
In Adulthood: The number usually reduces to 206 due to the fusion of
certain bones. For example:
Skull: The bones of the skull fuse as we age. For instance, the sutural
bones in the skull, which are separate at birth, eventually become fused.
Spine: The vertebrae in the spine also fuse. The sacrum, which starts as
five separate vertebrae, fuses into one bone by adulthood.
Bone Variability:
Sutural Bones: These are extra bones that can appear in the skull, often
leading to a count above 206 in some individuals.
Accessory Bones: Extra bones can also develop in various parts of the body,
such as the hands and feet, and these are sometimes referred to as
accessory bones.
Notable Facts:
Number Changes: The number of bones can vary slightly from person to person
due to variations like extra ribs or vertebrae.
Bone Fusion: Some bones naturally fuse with age or due to certain
conditions, affecting the total bone count.
In summary, while the standard count is 206, individual variations and
changes over time can affect this number.
K Rajaram IRS 12824
On Mon, 12 Aug 2024 at 09:20, Gopala Krishnan <[email protected]> wrote:
> CULTURAL QA 08-2024-12
>
> Topic- Human body and General base Quora QA-Compiled
>
> Q1 What are some mind-blowing facts about food?
>
> A1 Debolina Santra, Lives in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India3y
>
> Chikki is a very common Indian sweet snack, but the fact is not many are
> aware of its amazing history.
>
> In the year 1888, when the railway line was started in India and as the
> construction work of it geared up, the railway line was constructed uptil
> Lonavala station which happens to be a very famous spot adored by
> Mumbaikar’s during the monsoons.
>
> Due to laborious work put in by the workers, they required something
> healthy and tasty to eat so as to sustain them. This is how the idea of
> chikki was invented by Mr. Maganlal, India’s largest and the oldest chikki
> maker.
>
> The innovative idea of giving chikki to the workers was that it had three
> simple reasons, one it was healthy, two yummy in taste and third affordable
> to everyone. Even after 126 years the technique required to make chikki is
> still very simple and common. First the peanuts are roasted so that they
> become soft and be crushed smoothly. Then, jagerry and sugar are added to
> the crushed peanuts and three of them are blended at a right temperature.
> Once a fine mixture of three of them is composed, then they are cut into
> pieces and are sent for packing. The core three ingredients of chikki makes
> the food item rich in taste and nutrition because there is zero amount of
> preservatives added, as sugar itself acts as a preservative.
>
> This sweet snack has got several benefits because of which it is
> especially recommended to pregnant women, especially those who cannot cope
> with the required daily nutrients.
>
> The century old snack has come up with so many varieties, due to its high
> demand across the nation. Now day’s people not only get to eat chikki made
> of dry fruits, but also flavors like chocolate, strawberry and tangy ginger
> which has also been incorporated by the chikki makers. Though the flavors
> and product line has got better and wider but one thing has always remained
> the same, that is the rich nutrient value provided by chikkis in the most
> economical way.
>
> Lonavala chikki – Wikipedia
>
> My note- Kovilpatti groundnut candy produced by different companies are
> famous in Tamilnadu.
>
> Q2 What historical fact blows your mind?
>
> A2 George Etteridge, Amateur historian- emphasis on amateur.
> Updated 6y
>
> After the Spanish discovered the Americas, and they and the Portuguese
> began to exploit them for their own gain, the gold and wealth the Spanish
> had stolen or mined from the Americas would be sent back across the
> Atlantic to Spain.
>
> Many other nations sensed an opportunity, and these ships would be
> intercepted by pirates and privateers from many nations, such as France,
> the Netherlands, and especially England.
>
> How privateering worked was that it was essentially State sponsored
> Piracy. As long as you didn't attack ships from your own nation and gave
> some of the profit to the monarch you would not be considered a Pirate or
> even tried as such.
>
> The most famous English Privateer was Sir Francis Drake, who terrorized
> the Spanish.
>
> On one particular voyage in 1579, he captured a Spanish treasure ship
> laden with so much booty it took six days to transfer it onto his ship, the
> Golden Hind.
>
> When he arrived back in England, half of the treasure was given to Queen
> Elizabeth I, and it was used to pay off England's entire debt in one go.
>
> That was just the proceeds from one Treasure ship.
>
> Q3 Can you write something that will shock me to the core?
>
> A3 Paras Tyagi, Former Officer-The Inspector Who Resigned
> (GST$Customs) (2018–2022)Updated 4y
>
> The most powerful thing in the world is ‘Observation'. A simple farmer's
> observation changed Israel from a barren desert to the blooming
> fruits-exporter.
>
> It was in 1930s, Simcha Blass was just working in his field.
>
> What caught him off-guard, one fine day, why was one tree so taller to
> the rest in its vicinity ?
>
> There was no explanation for this.
>
> He investigated all around and noticed that there was a pipe-leak near
> it.Accidentally, that water found its way too precise and easy into the
> roots.
>
> Not only was it so efficient, it consumed least water too.
>
> Thus Israel gifted the world this most water-conserving agricultural
> brainchild of a farmer, The Root Drip Irrigation.
>
> Israel is revolutionising in the very resource that belonged to it in most
> rarity, maybe that's the very reason itself.
>
> A sprouting beautiful Israeli desert (anti-insect nets)
>
> Thanks to India's budding relations with Israel as of recent years, in
> 2017–2018, UP govt. planned to take Israel's help in improving the
> landscape here too.
>
> There are a notable number of events that happened and happen every-day.
>
> Those become a law, an invention, a principle only when they encounter a
> great observer.
>
> Q4 What are the names of all of our 206 bones?
>
> A4 Soniya, Updated Aug 1
>
> The axial skeleton in an adult human consists of 80 bones. These bones
> include:
>
> Skull (22 bones)
>
> Hyoid bone (1 bone)
>
> Auditory ossicles (6 bones - 3 in each ear)
>
> Vertebral column (26 bones)
>
> Thoracic cage (25 bones - 24 ribs and sternum)
>
> So, the total number of bones in the axial skeleton is 22 (skull) + 1
> (hyoid) + 6 (auditory ossicles) + 26 (vertebral column) + 25 (thoracic
> cage) = 80 bones.
>
> 1. Axial Skeleton: 80 bones.
>
> Skull: 22 bones.
>
> Cranium (8 bones): Protects the brain and consists of the frontal - 1,
> parietal - 2, temporal - 2, occipital - 1, sphenoid - 1, and ethmoid - 1
> bones.
>
> Facial Bones (14 bones): Includes bones such as the Mandible (lower
> jawbone) - 1, Maxilla (upper jawbone) - 2, Zygomatic bones (cheekbones) -
> 2, Nasal bones - 2, Lacrimal bones - 2, Palatine bones - 2, Inferior nasal
> conchae - 2, and Vomer - 1.
>
> Hyoid Bone: 1 bone.
>
> Located in the neck, it supports the tongue and serves as an attachment
> point for muscles involved in swallowing and speech.
>
> Auditory Ossicles: 6 bones.
>
> Three tiny bones in the middle ear: malleus (hammer) - 2, incus (anvil) -
> 2, and stapes (stirrup) - 2. They transmit sound vibrations from the
> eardrum to the inner ear.
>
> Vertebral Column: 26 bones.
>
> Cervical Vertebrae: 7 bones in the neck region.
>
> Thoracic Vertebrae: 12 bones in the upper back, to which ribs are attached.
>
> Lumbar Vertebrae: 5 bones in the lower back.
>
> Sacrum: 1 bone, formed by the fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae.
>
> Coccyx: 1 bone, formed by the fusion of 3-5 coccygeal vertebrae.
>
> Rib Cage: 25 bones.
>
> True Ribs: 7 pairs that attach directly to the sternum via costal
> cartilage.
>
> False Ribs: 3 pairs that indirectly attach to the sternum or do not attach
> at all.
>
> Floating Ribs: 2 pairs that do not attach to the sternum at all.
>
> The correct number of bones in the appendicular skeleton is 126. This
> includes:
>
> 64 bones in the upper limbs (arms and hands):Each arm has 1 humerus, 1
> ulna, 1 radius, 8 carpal bones, 5 metacarpal bones, and 14 phalanges (2 in
> the thumb and 3 in each finger).
>
> 62 bones in the lower limbs (legs and feet):Each leg has 1 femur, 1
> patella, 1 tibia, 1 fibula, 7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsal bones, and 14
> phalanges (2 in the big toe and 3 in each other toe).
>
> 2. Appendicular Skeleton: 126 bones.
>
> Shoulder Girdle: 4 bones
>
> Scapula: Shoulder blade.
>
> Clavicle: Collarbone.
>
> Upper Limbs:
>
> Arm (2 bone): Humerus, the bone of the upper arm.
>
> Forearm (4 bones): Radius and ulna; radius is on the thumb side, ulna on
> the pinky side.
>
> Hand: 27 bones
>
> Carpals: 8 pairs bones in the wrist (scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum,
> pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate).
>
> Metacarpals: 5 pairs bones in the palm of the hand.
>
> Phalanges: 14 pairs bones in the fingers (3 in each finger except the
> thumb, which has 2).
>
> Pelvic Girdle: 2 bones
>
> Hip Bones : Each hip bone (os coxae) consists of the ilium, ischium, and
> pubis, which fuse together during development.
>
> Lower Limbs:
>
> Thigh (2 bone): Femur, the bone of the upper leg.
>
> Leg: 4 bones
>
> Tibia: Shinbone, larger bone on the medial side.
>
> Fibula: Thinner bone on the lateral side.
>
> Foot: 26 bones
>
> Tarsals: 7 pairs bones in the ankle (calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid,
> and three cuneiform bones).
>
> Metatarsals: 5 pairs bones in the mid foot.
>
> Phalanges: 14 pairs bones in the toes (3 in each toe except the big toe,
> which has 2).
>
> Summary
>
> The human skeleton comprises 206 bones, each with specific functions and
> shapes that contribute to overall bodily structure, support, and movement.
>
> Q6 What age is considered "old" nowadays?
>
> A6 Vijaya Lakshmi,Retired Finance manager at Coal India Limited (A
> Maharatna Company)5y
>
>
>
> Way back in mid nineties....
>
> My father and I were going for a morning walk in Nagpur. My father was in
> his seventies.
>
> Just as we were going out of our colony gate, our colleague’s father, who
> was of my father’s age, was entering the colony gate. Let us call him
> Sharmajee.
>
> I introduced Sharmajee and my father to each other. They shook hands, said
> ‘hello’ and looked at each other for few seconds intently. After few
> minutes of awkward silence, Sharmajee walked into the colony, and we both
> proceeded out for our morning walk.
>
> After few minutes of walk, my father said “Vijaya, I have just discovered
> something”
>
> “What is it nannagaru(father)?” “See, when two old people see each other,
> both of them thinks that I too would become old like him/her one day”
>
> I understood it after few seconds!
>
> “So you are thinking you are much younger than Sharmajee. That is very
> good for you” I said laughing.
>
> So, What age is considered "old" nowadays?
>
> For a fifty years person sixty years person is old... For a sixty years
> person, seventy years person is old...
>
> Sometimes, as I have just mentioned above, person of the same age seems
> old.
>
> Wrinkles on face... grayed hair... slow walking... all these things makes
> a person old only for the first time we see them.
>
> But the real impression is formed when you start interacting with them.
>
> If they are young at heart all the symptoms would vanish from your mind
> within few days after interacting with that person.
>
> So the age at which a person stops being young at heart may be considered
> as ‘old age’
>
> Q7 After drinking water my body needs to pee every 10 to 15
> minutes. Is there any problem with my body?
>
> A7 Neisha Johnson, Medical Doctor - Havard Alumna (AL)Fri
>
> One possible explanation for this issue could be an overactive bladder.
> An overactive bladder is a condition where the bladder muscles contract
> involuntarily, creating a sudden urge to urinate. This can also result in
> frequent urination, even if the bladder is not completely full. In some
> cases, this can be caused by certain medical conditions such as diabetes,
> urinary tract infections, or neurological disorders. However, if there
> are no other symptoms present, it could simply be a case of having a
> sensitive bladder.
>
> Another factor to consider is the type of liquid we are consuming. Our
> bodies do not only get water from drinking it plain. We also get it from
> other beverages like tea, coffee, and juices. These liquids contain
> caffeine and other ingredients that act as diuretics, causing our bodies to
> produce more urine. So, it is possible that our frequent urination is a
> result of consuming too many diuretics.
>
> Dehydration could also be a culprit. When we are dehydrated, our body
> holds onto water, resulting in concentrated urine. This can irritate the
> bladder, causing the need to urinate more frequently. So, it is essential
> to make sure we are drinking enough water throughout the day to avoid
> becoming dehydrated.
>
> Stress and anxiety can also affect our bladder control. When we are in a
> state of stress, our body releases a hormone called cortisol, which can
> cause our bladder muscles to contract. This can lead to frequent trips to
> the bathroom. Additionally, stress and anxiety can also contribute to an
> overactive bladder, making the urge to urinate more intense.
>
> While having to pee every 10 to 15 minutes after drinking water may feel
> like an inconvenience, it is not necessarily a sign of a significant
> health problem.
>
> It could simply be our bodies reacting to our daily habits, such as
> consuming diuretic beverages or being under stress. However, if this
> issue persists and is accompanied by other symptoms, it is always best to
> consult a medical professional. In the meantime, it is crucial to stay
> hydrated and make any necessary adjustments to our lifestyle to keep our
> bladder functioning properly. As always, listen to your body and take care
> of it, so it can take care of you.
>
> My note-I found the QA very informative. However if such condition
> persist, one has to consult a medical doctor
>
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