Re: [Tutor] HI, #Include like in python

[A.T.Hofkamp]

wesley chun wrote:

   import listen

You can use the __import__ function if you want, but generally you
want the import statement as above.  The equivalent to 'import listen'
is:

   listen = __import__('listen')

See the tutorial here: http://docs.python.org/tutorial/modules.html



you also have to make sure that your .py file is in one of the
folders/directories listed in sys.path (to see it, import sys then do
print sys.path). if the file is not in one of those folders, you will
also get an import error.

you can either add the correct directory to your PYTHONPATH
environment variable, or manually add it at run-time using
sys.path.append/insert.


A simpler form is to put "listen.py" and "usbconnection.py" in the same 
directory.

In the latter you can do something like


import listen

listener = listen.ListenClass(param1, param2)
listener.begin()  # Call the 'begin' method of the ListenClass object.


You can use the ListenClass like normal, just state that Python should look 
for it in the "listen" file.


Albert
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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[Alan Gauld]

"Wayne Watson"  wrote

What is meant by "The arguments are the same as for the Popen 
constructor.",

in Convenience Functions? In fact, what is such a function?


It means that there is a function which takes the same arguments
as the __init__() method of the Popen class.

They are convenience functions in that you don't need to create the 
class
to use them you can just call them directly. THe payoff is that you 
lose
some of the flexibility of using the class, but often you don;t need 
that.


class subprocess.Popen(args, bufsize=0, executable=None, stdin=None, 
stdout=None, stderr=None, preexec_fn=None, close_fds=False 

Why not just class Popen instead of subprocess.Popen?


The notation is saying that there is a class defined in the
subprocess module called Popen with a constructor that
has the listed parameters. It is just a shorthand way of
expressing that.

In practice you would create an instance with either:

import subprocess
p = subprocess.Popen()

OR

from subprocess import Popen
p = Popen()


Is there a suggestion here that I need only do:

from subprocess import Popen

myProg=Popen()
myProg.call("wolf", "-h")


Even simpler, you only need:

from subprocess import call
myProg = call(["wolf", "-h"])

You need to put the command as the first entry of a list and each
argument as a separate entry

HTH,


--
Alan G
Author of the Learn to Program web site
http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ 



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Re: [Tutor] Trouble parsing email from Outlook

[Tim Golden]

Eduardo Vieira wrote:

Hello, list! I hope it's not too much out of place to ask this
question in the Tutor list.
I'm trying to process some information from email messages that goes
in a folder called: "SysAdmin". I could reproduce the recipe from
Python Programming on Win32 sucessfully to read the subject line of
the inbox, but not from a different folder:


It can be a bit confusing working out even what to search
for, and there are a few things which are similar but
subtly different. Ignoring more esoteric possibilities,
there are three main ways to do automatic things with
Outlook / Exchange emails, all of which are feasible from
Python + pywin32/ctypes/comtypes.

1) COM -> CDO ("MAPI.Session") -- that's what you're doing.
Altho' technically this is using Exchange rather than Outlook,
you basically need Outlook installed for this to work.

2) COM -> Outlook ("Outlook.Application") -- this is very similar
to CDO but gives you a few things which are tied to Outlook
rather than to the Exchange server.

3) COM -> MAPI -- this is a slightly lower-level Win32 API set
which is exposed in pywin32 through the slightly confusing
set of modules under win32comext/mapi

Of course it's all very confusing because the CDO CLSID
above uses the word "MAPI" (as it presumably calls MAPI
functions under the covers) while there's another thing
called CDONT which is/was a cut-down version of CDO and
which you still come across from time to time. 




So far my code is this:
import win32com.client
ses = win32com.client.Dispatch("Mapi.Session")
o = win32com.client.Dispatch("Outlook.Application")


OK, now you've confused yourself. You don't need to use
*both* Outlook automation *and* CDO automation. Just
pick one. Let's go with CDO since that's effectively
what you've done.


ses.Logon("Default")
print ses.Inbox.Messages.Item(1).Subject


Right, because the Inbox is a well-known special case,
you get an easy reference to it from the CDO session
itself. To find other folders, you either have to
walk the tree of folders if you know where to look,
or to iterate over them if you just know it's there
somewhere but can't guarantee where.

The topmost things in a CDO Session is one or more
InfoStores. You can't iterate over them directly;
you have to loop over their count. Note that they
are counted from 1 upwards, while the Python loop
is 0-based:


for i in range (len (ses.InfoStores)):
 info_store = ses.InfoStores[i+1]
 print info_store.Name



If you already know the name of the one you want,
eg "Mailbox - Tim Golden", you can select that one:


mailbox = ses.InfoStores["Mailbox - Tim Golden"]


The infostore has a RootFolder which is a CDO Folder
object and once you've got that, you can just walk the
tree of folders. The key collections you'll be interested
in are the Folders and Messages. They can both be iterated
the same way, and the function below provides a Pythonish
wrapper:


def cdo_iter (cdo_collection):
 item = cdo_collection.GetFirst ()
 while item:
   yield item
   item = cdo_collection.GetNext ()



Each Folder may have a Folders attribute and a Messages
attribute. To walk a tree or subtree, you can do this,
making use of the function above:


def cdo_walk (folder): ## can be the RootFolder or a specific folder
 try:
   folders = cdo_iter (folder.Folders)
 except AttributeError:
   folders = []
 try:
   items = cdo_iter (folder.Messages)
 except AttributeError:
   items = []

 yield folder, folders, items

 for subfolder in folders:
   for r in cdo_walk (subfolder):
 yield r



Note that, because we're using generators, the sublists
of folders and items are generated lazily. If, as in the
case we're getting to, you don't need to look at messages
until you've got to the folder you want, then you just don't
iterate over the items iterable.

Putting it together, you can find a folder called "SysAdmin"
from a CDO session like this:


import os, sys
import win32com.client

def cdo_iter (cdo_collection):
 item = cdo_collection.GetFirst ()
 while item:
   yield item
   item = cdo_collection.GetNext ()

def cdo_walk (folder):
 try:
   folders = cdo_iter (folder.Folders)
 except AttributeError:
   folders = []
 try:
   items = cdo_iter (folder.Messages)
 except AttributeError:
   items = []

 yield folder, folders, items

 for subfolder in folders:
   for r in cdo_walk (subfolder):
 yield r

class x_found (Exception):
 pass
 
if __name__ == '__main__':

 session = win32com.client.gencache.EnsureDispatch ("MAPI.Session")
 session.Logon ()

 try:
   for i in range (session.InfoStores.Count):
 info_store = session.InfoStores[i+1]
 #
 # Ignore Public Folders which is very big
 #
 if info_store.Name == "Public Folders": continue
 print "Searching", info_store.Name
 
 for folder, folders, items in cdo_walk (info_store.RootFolder):

   if folder.Name == "SysAdmin":
 for item in items:
   print item.Subject
 raise x_found
 
 except x_found:

   pass



TJG
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[Tutor] statistics with python

[Bala subramanian]

Dear python friends,

someone kindly suggest me packages, modules and documentation resources
(especially)  to

i) plot graphs using python.

ii) statistical analysis using python.


Thanks in advance,
Bala
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Re: [Tutor] statistics with python

[greg whittier]

On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 6:45 AM, Bala subramanian  wrote:

> Dear python friends,
>
> someone kindly suggest me packages, modules and documentation resources
> (especially)  to
>
> i) plot graphs using python.
>

matplotlib is excellent and probably the most popular



>
> ii) statistical analysis using python.
>
>
Your best bet is probably using the python binding for R (
http://rpy.sourceforge.net/).  This also lets you use R's powerful graphing
capability.  Scipy.org also has some statistics packages, but nothing as
complete as you can get with R.



>
> Thanks in advance,
> Bala
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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[A.T.Hofkamp]

Wayne Watson wrote:

Good. Thanks.

Here's my code.
==
# Executing a Linux program under Win XP
from subprocess import call
myProg = call(["C:\Sandia_Meteors\Various\FuzzyLogic\wolf", "-h"])


You must always escape \ characters in a string.

do r"C:\Sandia_Meteors\Various\FuzzyLogic\wolf",
"C:\\Sandia_Meteors\\Various\\FuzzyLogic\\wolf", or
"C:/Sandia_Meteors/Various/FuzzyLogic/wolf"


Albert
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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[Wayne Watson]

Title: Signature.html




Good. Thanks.

Here's my code.
==
# Executing a Linux program under Win XP
from subprocess import call
myProg = call(["C:\Sandia_Meteors\Various\FuzzyLogic\wolf", "-h"])
==
But msgs are produced ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File
"C:/Sandia_Meteors/Sentinel_Development/Development_Sentuser-Utilities/sentuser/fun-subprocess_Linux.py",
line 4, in 
    myProg = call(["C:\Sandia_Meteors\Various\FuzzyLogic\wolf", "-h"])
  File "C:\Python25\lib\subprocess.py", line 444, in call
    return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
  File "C:\Python25\lib\subprocess.py", line 594, in __init__
    errread, errwrite)
  File "C:\Python25\lib\subprocess.py", line 816, in _execute_child
    startupinfo)
WindowsError: [Error 5] Access is denied

I looked for the attributes on the file and it shows "A". I'm the admin
on my XP Pro, and the file is owned by Admin.
wolf is a 1 meg file. 

Alan Gauld wrote:

"Wayne Watson"  wrote
  
  
  What is meant by "The arguments are the same
as for the Popen constructor.",

in Convenience Functions? In fact, what is such a function?

  
  
It means that there is a function which takes the same arguments
  
as the __init__() method of the Popen class.
  
  
They are convenience functions in that you don't need to create the
class
  
to use them you can just call them directly. THe payoff is that you
lose
  
some of the flexibility of using the class, but often you don;t need
that.
  
  
  class subprocess.Popen(args, bufsize=0,
executable=None, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, preexec_fn=None,
close_fds=False 

Why not just class Popen instead of subprocess.Popen?

  
  
The notation is saying that there is a class defined in the
  
subprocess module called Popen with a constructor that
  
has the listed parameters. It is just a shorthand way of
  
expressing that.
  
  
In practice you would create an instance with either:
  
  
import subprocess
  
p = subprocess.Popen()
  
  
OR
  
  
from subprocess import Popen
  
p = Popen()
  
  
  Is there a suggestion here that I need only
do:

  
from subprocess import Popen
  
  myProg=Popen()

myProg.call("wolf", "-h")

  
  
Even simpler, you only need:
  
  
from subprocess import call
  
myProg = call(["wolf", "-h"])
  
  
You need to put the command as the first entry of a list and each
  
argument as a separate entry
  
  
HTH,
  
  
  


-- 


   Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA)

 (121.01 Deg. W, 39.26 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time)


“Life is one damn thing after another."
 -- Mark Twain 




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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[Wayne Watson]

Title: Signature.html




Yes, good, but I tried
myProg = call([r"C:\Sandia_Meteors\Various\FuzzyLogic\wolf", "-h"]),
and get exactly the same results.

A.T.Hofkamp wrote:
Wayne Watson
wrote:
  
  Good. Thanks.


Here's my code.

==

# Executing a Linux program under Win XP

from subprocess import call

myProg = call(["C:\Sandia_Meteors\Various\FuzzyLogic\wolf", "-h"])

  
  
You must always escape \ characters in a string.
  
  
do r"C:\Sandia_Meteors\Various\FuzzyLogic\wolf",
  
"C:\\Sandia_Meteors\\Various\\FuzzyLogic\\wolf", or
  
"C:/Sandia_Meteors/Various/FuzzyLogic/wolf"
  
  
  
Albert
  
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-- 


   Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA)

 (121.01 Deg. W, 39.26 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time)


“Life is one damn thing after another."
 -- Mark Twain 





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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[A.T.Hofkamp]

Wayne Watson wrote:

Yes, good, but I tried
myProg = call([r"C:\Sandia_Meteors\Various\FuzzyLogic\wolf", "-h"]),
and get exactly the same results.


So the next step is to find out what is wrong.

In other words, experiment with the problem to get an understanding what is 
not working. Once you get that, you can start looking for a way to solve it.




Some suggestions for possible experiments:

Are you sure the program is not already finished? (ie it runs the program, and 
after finishing it gives an error for some reason?)



What does Windows think of it when you run it without Python (ie directly from 
the OS, eg using a 'cmd' window (or whatever it is called nowadays, my last 
Win* experience was with W95))?


(The error looks like an OS error, not a Python error. By trying it without 
Python, you can decide whether you need to convince your OS to run the program 
or you whether need to convince Python.)



Possibly a stupid suggestion, don't you need to add '.exe' at the end?
(I am pretty much clueless with Windows, so maybe this is nonense.)


Alternatively, try executing a different program that you know to be working 
at Windows.
(The python.exe would be one such program, but it may be confusing to run 
several python programs at the same time.)




Last but not least, what error do you get when you try running something that 
does not exist?
(Do you get the same error, or do you get a different one? If the latter, you 
know Python gives the path correctly to Windows.)
What happens if you give it a non-executable file? (just giving wild 
suggestions for experiments you can do to get more understanding of why it is 
refusing to run the file.)



Albert

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[Tutor] adding dictionary values

[عماد نوفل]

Hi Tutors,
I have two pickled dictionaries containing word counts from two different
corpora. I need to add the values, so that a word count is the sum of both.
If the word "man" has a count of 2 in corpus A and a count of 3 in corpus B,
then I need a new dictionary that  has "man": 5. Please let me know whether
the following is correct/incorrect, good/bad, etc.
Your help appreciated:

def addDicts(a, b):
c = {}
for k in a:
if k not in b:
c[k] = a[k]
else:
c[k] = a[k] + b[k]

for k in b:
if k not in a:
c[k] = b[k]
return c

# test this
dict1 = {"dad": 3, "man": 2}
dict2 = {"dad": 5, "woman": 10}
newDict = addDicts(dict1, dict2)
print(newDict)
# This gives

{'dad': 8, 'woman': 10, 'man': 2}




-- 
لا أعرف مظلوما تواطأ الناس علي هضمه ولا زهدوا في إنصافه كالحقيقة.محمد
الغزالي
"No victim has ever been more repressed and alienated than the truth"

Emad Soliman Nawfal
Indiana University, Bloomington


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Re: [Tutor] adding dictionary values

[greg whittier]

2009/3/20 Emad Nawfal (عماد نوفل) 

> Hi Tutors,
> I have two pickled dictionaries containing word counts from two different
> corpora. I need to add the values, so that a word count is the sum of both.
> If the word "man" has a count of 2 in corpus A and a count of 3 in corpus B,
> then I need a new dictionary that  has "man": 5. Please let me know whether
> the following is correct/incorrect, good/bad, etc.
> Your help appreciated:
>
> def addDicts(a, b):
> c = {}
> for k in a:
> if k not in b:
> c[k] = a[k]
> else:
> c[k] = a[k] + b[k]
>
> for k in b:
> if k not in a:
> c[k] = b[k]
> return c
>
> # test this
> dict1 = {"dad": 3, "man": 2}
> dict2 = {"dad": 5, "woman": 10}
> newDict = addDicts(dict1, dict2)
> print(newDict)
> # This gives
>
> {'dad': 8, 'woman': 10, 'man': 2}
>
>
This looks like it will work, but you can accomplish this more compactly by
just looping over the items in both dictionaries and making use of the
default argument of the dictionaries get method.

newDict = {}
for k, v in dict1.items() + dict2.items():
newDict[k] = newDict.get(k,0) + v
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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[Wayne Watson]

Title: Signature.html




I guess I haven't made clear above. This is a Red Hat Linux compiled C
program. Indications from others above, suggest it is possible to
execute it under Win Python. If that's true, then my guess is that
something prior to the call must be done in the way of informing the
call it is dealing with a non-Win program.

A.T.Hofkamp wrote:
Wayne Watson
wrote:
  
  Yes, good, but I tried

myProg = call([r"C:\Sandia_Meteors\Various\FuzzyLogic\wolf", "-h"]),

and get exactly the same results.

  
  
So the next step is to find out what is wrong.
  
  
In other words, experiment with the problem to get an understanding
what is not working. Once you get that, you can start looking for a way
to solve it.
  
  
  
  
Some suggestions for possible experiments:
  
  
Are you sure the program is not already finished? (ie it runs the
program, and after finishing it gives an error for some reason?)
  
  
  
What does Windows think of it when you run it without Python (ie
directly from the OS, eg using a 'cmd' window (or whatever it is called
nowadays, my last Win* experience was with W95))?
  
  
(The error looks like an OS error, not a Python error. By trying it
without Python, you can decide whether you need to convince your OS to
run the program or you whether need to convince Python.)
  
  
  
Possibly a stupid suggestion, don't you need to add '.exe' at the end?
  
(I am pretty much clueless with Windows, so maybe this is nonense.)
  
  
  
Alternatively, try executing a different program that you know to be
working at Windows.
  
(The python.exe would be one such program, but it may be confusing to
run several python programs at the same time.)
  
  
  
  
Last but not least, what error do you get when you try running
something that does not exist?
  
(Do you get the same error, or do you get a different one? If the
latter, you know Python gives the path correctly to Windows.)
  
What happens if you give it a non-executable file? (just giving wild
suggestions for experiments you can do to get more understanding of why
it is refusing to run the file.)
  
  
  
Albert
  
  
  


-- 


   Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA)

 (121.01 Deg. W, 39.26 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time)


“Life is one damn thing after another."
 -- Mark Twain 




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Re: [Tutor] adding dictionary values

[Chris Fuller]

You should iterate over the keys of the dictionary:
for k in a.keys():
because if you iterate over the full dictionary, your items are the values, 
not the keys.  Otherwise your code looks correct, and I don't think its 
terribly bad form.  You could do something interesting with sets:
sa = set(a.keys())
sb = set(b.keys())

The next step could be a for loop, but if you enjoy terseness and taking 
advantage of language features (also should be faster for big enough dicts):
c = dict( \
   [(k, a[k]+b[k]) for k in sa&sb ] + \
   [(k, a[k]) for k in sa-sb ] + \
   [(k, b[k]) for k in sb-sa ]
)

which creates a new dict from a list of key, value pairs.  The list is a sum 
of three lists:  those keys in both a and b, those only in a, and those only 
in b.

Cheers

On Friday 20 March 2009 10:11, Emad Nawfal wrote:
> Hi Tutors,
> I have two pickled dictionaries containing word counts from two different
> corpora. I need to add the values, so that a word count is the sum of both.
> If the word "man" has a count of 2 in corpus A and a count of 3 in corpus
> B, then I need a new dictionary that  has "man": 5. Please let me know
> whether the following is correct/incorrect, good/bad, etc.
> Your help appreciated:
>
> def addDicts(a, b):
> c = {}
> for k in a:
> if k not in b:
> c[k] = a[k]
> else:
> c[k] = a[k] + b[k]
>
> for k in b:
> if k not in a:
> c[k] = b[k]
> return c
>
> # test this
> dict1 = {"dad": 3, "man": 2}
> dict2 = {"dad": 5, "woman": 10}
> newDict = addDicts(dict1, dict2)
> print(newDict)
> # This gives
>
> {'dad': 8, 'woman': 10, 'man': 2}
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Re: [Tutor] adding dictionary values

[Chris Fuller]

Oops! The dictionary iterates over keys, not values as I stated (and 
demonstrated by your working code).  Consequently, the example I gave could 
be more succinctly expressed by:
sa = set(a)
sb = set(b)

Sorry for the error.
Cheers
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Re: [Tutor] adding dictionary values

[Kent Johnson]

2009/3/20 greg whittier :

> This looks like it will work, but you can accomplish this more compactly by
> just looping over the items in both dictionaries and making use of the
> default argument of the dictionaries get method.
>
> newDict = {}
> for k, v in dict1.items() + dict2.items():
>     newDict[k] = newDict.get(k,0) + v

Even simpler, start with a copy of dict1:
newDict = dict(dict1)
for k, v in dict2.items():
newDict[k] = newDict.get(k,0) + v

Kent
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Re: [Tutor] adding dictionary values

[Richard Lovely]

2009/3/20 Chris Fuller :
> You should iterate over the keys of the dictionary:
> for k in a.keys():
> because if you iterate over the full dictionary, your items are the values,
> not the keys.  Otherwise your code looks correct, and I don't think its
> terribly bad form.  You could do something interesting with sets:
> sa = set(a.keys())
> sb = set(b.keys())
>
> The next step could be a for loop, but if you enjoy terseness and taking
> advantage of language features (also should be faster for big enough dicts):
> c = dict( \
>   [(k, a[k]+b[k]) for k in sa&sb ] + \
>   [(k, a[k]) for k in sa-sb ] + \
>   [(k, b[k]) for k in sb-sa ]
> )
>
> which creates a new dict from a list of key, value pairs.  The list is a sum
> of three lists:  those keys in both a and b, those only in a, and those only
> in b.
>
> Cheers
>
> On Friday 20 March 2009 10:11, Emad Nawfal wrote:
>> Hi Tutors,
>> I have two pickled dictionaries containing word counts from two different
>> corpora. I need to add the values, so that a word count is the sum of both.
>> If the word "man" has a count of 2 in corpus A and a count of 3 in corpus
>> B, then I need a new dictionary that  has "man": 5. Please let me know
>> whether the following is correct/incorrect, good/bad, etc.
>> Your help appreciated:
>>
>> def addDicts(a, b):
>>     c = {}
>>     for k in a:
>>         if k not in b:
>>             c[k] = a[k]
>>         else:
>>             c[k] = a[k] + b[k]
>>
>>     for k in b:
>>         if k not in a:
>>             c[k] = b[k]
>>     return c
>>
>> # test this
>> dict1 = {"dad": 3, "man": 2}
>> dict2 = {"dad": 5, "woman": 10}
>> newDict = addDicts(dict1, dict2)
>> print(newDict)
>> # This gives
>>
>> {'dad': 8, 'woman': 10, 'man': 2}
> ___
> Tutor maillist  -  tu...@python.org
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
>

Just to add another tool to your toolbox, defaultdicts, available from
version 2.5, are good for word counts, and simplifies your function no
end:

from collections import defaultdict
def addDict(a, b):
newdict = defaultdict(int, a)
for k,v in b.iteritems():
newdict[k] += v
return newdict

you can chage the last line to "return dict(newdict)" if the returned
value MUST be a dict, but there is very little advantage to doing so
in properly written code.

Extra credit:
To do a word count with a defaultdict is simple:
wordcount = defaultdict(int)
for word in list_of_words:
wordcount[word] += 1

Look it up in the docs if you want details of defaultdict.
-- 
Richard "Roadie Rich" Lovely, part of the JNP|UK Famile
www.theJNP.com
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Re: [Tutor] adding dictionary values

[عماد نوفل]

On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 12:03 PM, Richard Lovely
wrote:

> 2009/3/20 Chris Fuller :
> > You should iterate over the keys of the dictionary:
> > for k in a.keys():
> > because if you iterate over the full dictionary, your items are the
> values,
> > not the keys.  Otherwise your code looks correct, and I don't think its
> > terribly bad form.  You could do something interesting with sets:
> > sa = set(a.keys())
> > sb = set(b.keys())
> >
> > The next step could be a for loop, but if you enjoy terseness and taking
> > advantage of language features (also should be faster for big enough
> dicts):
> > c = dict( \
> >   [(k, a[k]+b[k]) for k in sa&sb ] + \
> >   [(k, a[k]) for k in sa-sb ] + \
> >   [(k, b[k]) for k in sb-sa ]
> > )
> >
> > which creates a new dict from a list of key, value pairs.  The list is a
> sum
> > of three lists:  those keys in both a and b, those only in a, and those
> only
> > in b.
> >
> > Cheers
> >
> > On Friday 20 March 2009 10:11, Emad Nawfal wrote:
> >> Hi Tutors,
> >> I have two pickled dictionaries containing word counts from two
> different
> >> corpora. I need to add the values, so that a word count is the sum of
> both.
> >> If the word "man" has a count of 2 in corpus A and a count of 3 in
> corpus
> >> B, then I need a new dictionary that  has "man": 5. Please let me know
> >> whether the following is correct/incorrect, good/bad, etc.
> >> Your help appreciated:
> >>
> >> def addDicts(a, b):
> >> c = {}
> >> for k in a:
> >> if k not in b:
> >> c[k] = a[k]
> >> else:
> >> c[k] = a[k] + b[k]
> >>
> >> for k in b:
> >> if k not in a:
> >> c[k] = b[k]
> >> return c
> >>
> >> # test this
> >> dict1 = {"dad": 3, "man": 2}
> >> dict2 = {"dad": 5, "woman": 10}
> >> newDict = addDicts(dict1, dict2)
> >> print(newDict)
> >> # This gives
> >>
> >> {'dad': 8, 'woman': 10, 'man': 2}
> > ___
> > Tutor maillist  -  Tutor@python.org
> > http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/tutor
> >
>
> Just to add another tool to your toolbox, defaultdicts, available from
> version 2.5, are good for word counts, and simplifies your function no
> end:
>
> from collections import defaultdict
> def addDict(a, b):
>newdict = defaultdict(int, a)
>for k,v in b.iteritems():
>newdict[k] += v
>return newdict
>
> you can chage the last line to "return dict(newdict)" if the returned
> value MUST be a dict, but there is very little advantage to doing so
> in properly written code.
>
> Extra credit:
> To do a word count with a defaultdict is simple:
> wordcount = defaultdict(int)
> for word in list_of_words:
>wordcount[word] += 1
>
> Look it up in the docs if you want details of defaultdict.
> --
> Richard "Roadie Rich" Lovely, part of the JNP|UK Famile
> www.theJNP.com
> ___
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>

Thanks All for the help,
if I want to do this with more than two dictionaries, the obvious solution
for me is to use something like the reduce functions with a list of
dictionary names like:
dictList = [dict1, dict2, dict3]
newDict = reduce(addDicts, dictList)

Is this a satisfactory solution?
-- 
لا أعرف مظلوما تواطأ الناس علي هضمه ولا زهدوا في إنصافه كالحقيقة.محمد
الغزالي
"No victim has ever been more repressed and alienated than the truth"

Emad Soliman Nawfal
Indiana University, Bloomington

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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[Wayne Watson]

Title: Signature.html




You understand it perfectly.

Michael Farnham wrote:

  On Fri, 2009-03-20 at 04:35 -0700, Wayne Watson wrote:
  
  
Good. Thanks.

Here's my code.
==
# Executing a Linux program under Win XP
from subprocess import call
myProg = call(["C:\Sandia_Meteors\Various\FuzzyLogic\wolf", "-h"])

  
  

If I understand your question - A C program which runs in Linux
cannot run in Microsoft Windows without being recompiled. I know
that many of the people who have replied in this thread know this
so maybe I misunderstood the question.

HTH
Mike



  


-- 


   Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA)

 (121.01 Deg. W, 39.26 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time)


“Life is one damn thing after another."
 -- Mark Twain 





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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[Wayne Watson]

Title: Signature.html




To be clear. The program I'm trying to execute under Win XP was
compiled on a RH Linux machine. It was not compile on a Win OS machine.
It may sound far fetched some facility might be available to do this,
but somewhere in my very, very distant past before the small computers,
these sorts of things were possible, usually through a simulator of
some sort. 

Wayne Watson wrote:

  
You understand it perfectly.
  
Michael Farnham wrote:
  
On Fri, 2009-03-20 at 04:35 -0700, Wayne Watson wrote:
  

  Good. Thanks.

Here's my code.
==
# Executing a Linux program under Win XP
from subprocess import call
myProg = call(["C:\Sandia_Meteors\Various\FuzzyLogic\wolf", "-h"])




If I understand your question - A C program which runs in Linux
cannot run in Microsoft Windows without being recompiled. I know
that many of the people who have replied in this thread know this
so maybe I misunderstood the question.

HTH
Mike



  
  
  
  -- 
  
  
 Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA)

 (121.01 Deg. W, 39.26 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time)


“Life is one damn thing after another."
 -- Mark Twain 
  
  
  

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-- 

Signature.html
   Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA)

 (121.01 Deg. W, 39.26 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time)


“Life is one damn thing after another."
 -- Mark Twain 




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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[Marc Tompkins]

On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 8:46 AM, Wayne Watson
wrote:

>  I guess I haven't made clear above. This is a Red Hat Linux compiled C
> program. Indications from others above, suggest it is possible to execute it
> under Win Python. If that's true, then my guess is that something prior to
> the call must be done in the way of informing the call it is dealing with a
> non-Win program.
>

Neither Python proper nor Popen() are actually executing the program - the
Windows shell/command interpreter does that (command.com or cmd.exe,
depending on your Windows version); Popen() is just a mechanism for making
the request, waiting for a response, and processing the result when it
comes.

If you want to run a non-Windows executable on Windows, you need to use an
alternate shell - someone mentioned Cygwin - although I'm not certain that
even that will do it for you.  What makes an executable OS-specific is not
the language it's written in, but the libraries that it's compiled/linked
with. If you have access to the source code, the simplest thing would
probably be to recompile it on your own machine...  the GCC (Gnu Compiler
Collection) is free.

You mentioned the 'A' attribute - in Windows, that stands for Archive, and
was created as a way for early backup programs to do differential backups
(i.e. you do a full backup - the backup program copies every file, clearing
the A attribute as it does so; new and updated files have the A attribute
set, so the next time you do a backup, the program only copies files that
have the A attribute...)
-- 
www.fsrtechnologies.com
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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[Marc Tompkins]

On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 10:02 AM, Marc Tompkins wrote:

> If you want to run a non-Windows executable on Windows, you need to use an
> alternate shell - someone mentioned Cygwin - although I'm not certain that
> even that will do it for you.  What makes an executable OS-specific is not
> the language it's written in, but the libraries that it's compiled/linked
> with. If you have access to the source code, the simplest thing would
> probably be to recompile it on your own machine...  the GCC (Gnu Compiler
> Collection) is free.
>

Nope, just checked the Cygwin page:
What Isn't Cygwin?

Cygwin is *not* a way to run native linux apps on Windows. You have to
rebuild your application *from source* if you want it to run on Windows.
Cygwin is *not* a way to magically make native Windows apps aware of UNIX ®
functionality, like signals, ptys, etc. Again, you need to build your
apps *from
source* if you want to take advantage of Cygwin functionality.

-- 
www.fsrtechnologies.com
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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[Elena of Valhalla]

On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 6:01 PM, Wayne Watson
 wrote:
> To be clear. The program I'm trying to execute under Win XP was compiled on
> a RH Linux machine. It was not compile on a Win OS machine. It may sound far
> fetched some facility might be available to do this, but somewhere in my
> very, very distant past before the small computers, these sorts of things
> were possible, usually through a simulator of some sort.

It is not a far-fetched requirement: the reverse, i.e. running windows
binary under linux is often possible and regularily used, but it
requires a specific tool for the job, in the linux case wine, that
translates every system call.

It's not an easy task, and I doubt that there is something for windows
to do so, but there may be a solution using some virtualizing layer
and a minimal linux installation, depending on what is needed from the
red hat executable.

-- 
Elena ``of Valhalla''

email: elena.valha...@gmail.com
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Re: [Tutor] Tkinter Geometry Management and Other Basics

[Wayne Watson]

Title: Signature.html




Good ideas. I particularly like the one below about pyw. Never heard of
it before. Very nice in this situation.

As for Tk/Tcl, I got the highly recommended book from some Python
source via an interlibrary loan. My problem with it is that I really
don't want to spend weeks learning Tk/Tcl. 

##
  
# testTk.py
  
from Tkinter import *
  
  
top = Tk()
  
w = Button(top, text="Button")
  
w.pack()
  
top.mainloop()
  
##
  
  
Just play with the pack or grid options and observe the effect
  
If you have the file open in an editor and name the file as .pyw
  
you can then easily run the file from explorer and have multiple
  
versions displayed at the same time to compare results.
  
  
  
  Perhaps there's a geometry tutor somewhere on
the web.

  
  
Try the Tcl/Tk web sites they tend to be good for that kind of stuff.
  
Its easy to translate the Tk command to Tkinter.
  
  
HTH,
  
  
  


-- 


   Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA)

 (121.01 Deg. W, 39.26 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time)


“Life is one damn thing after another."
 -- Mark Twain 





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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[Marc Tompkins]

On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 10:02 AM, Marc Tompkins wrote:

> Neither Python proper nor Popen() are actually executing the program - the
> Windows shell/command interpreter does that (command.com or cmd.exe,
> depending on your Windows version); Popen() is just a mechanism for making
> the request, waiting for a response, and processing the result when it
> comes.
>

I wasn't very clear here: instead of "the Windows shell/command interpreter
does that..." I should have said "the underlying operating system/shell does
that..."

There are versions of Python for many platforms, and Python code is intended
to be as cross-platform as possible, so if you were running some other
operating system on your machine, Popen() would be passing your request
to... whatever.  And if you were running, say, Linux, and trying to execute
a Windows program... that wouldn't work either.  (Unless you told Popen to
pass it through WINE, but I'm not even sure that's possible.  There isn't an
equivalent to WINE for running Linux executables under Windows, so far as I
can Google.)
-- 
www.fsrtechnologies.com
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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[greg whittier]

On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 1:01 PM, Wayne Watson
wrote:

>  To be clear. The program I'm trying to execute under Win XP was compiled
> on a RH Linux machine. It was not compile on a Win OS machine. It may sound
> far fetched some facility might be available to do this, but somewhere in my
> very, very distant past before the small computers, these sorts of things
> were possible, usually through a simulator of some sort.
>

Wayne, do you have the source code?  From your previous responses, I think
you do.  If so, what is preventing you from compiling it on windows?  Maybe
we can help you with that.

- Greg
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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[Wayne Watson]

Title: Signature.html




That's a lot of text to respond to, but let me see if I can broadly do
it.

It appears that the idea of executing Linux code under Win XP is
d-e-a-d. (Let's ignore VM)
I will need to recompile the c-code in some way under Win XP. Probably
Cygwin.
The python code I'm working on will only be available to a private
audience which is comprised of Win users. 

Some years ago I started down the CygWiu road just to have Linux
available under Win. Old habits die hard. It was erratic and I pulled
it off. Cygwin seems to be still alive, so I think I will give it a
shake today. I hope it can tolerate the Makefiles and libraries the 38K
line program requires. My former knowledge of Makefiles died years ago.
Here's the main program's header file (and part of a Makefile).
Probably the tricky part is the graphic library use. In the meantime, I
headed for a Cygwin download.

wolf.c, the main program header.

#define wolf

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "cgi-draw.h"   < This guy, maybe
#include "novas.h"
#include "global.h"
#include "calstars.h"
#include "imatrix.h"
#include "cnstl.h"

A sample of Makefile.linux

/*   markstars ***
   main routine of WOLF
   inputs: input_image - path for the input fits image file.
   output_image - filename of the output jpg processed image.
   detect - if 1, detect "unepxected" stars.
   write_on_target - if 1, type labels on the output image. In
this case, 
   output image must be specified.
   inverted - if 1, the image is inverted (black background and
white stars).
   constellations - if 1, draw constellations (greek style)
lines.
                   ...

-- 


   Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA)

 (121.01 Deg. W, 39.26 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time)


“Life is one damn thing after another."
 -- Mark Twain 




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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[Wayne Watson]

Title: Signature.html




Yes, I'm sure I'll need help. I just posted a message minutes before
yours mentioning I'm willing to try Cygwin. The C program, wolf, is the
public domain  If trying to compile the program under Win is what you
had in mind, then I can send you all the necessary files in a zip file.
If not, then I'll be back to ask questions about what might be going
wrong either here or in some Cygwin newsgroup.  I distantly recall
there is one. 

greg whittier wrote:
On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 1:01 PM, Wayne Watson 
wrote:
  
  
To be clear. The program I'm
trying to execute under Win XP was
compiled on a RH Linux machine. It was not compile on a Win OS machine.
It may sound far fetched some facility might be available to do this,
but somewhere in my very, very distant past before the small computers,
these sorts of things were possible, usually through a simulator of
some sort. 
  
  
Wayne, do you have the source code?  From your previous responses, I
think you do.  If so, what is preventing you from compiling it on
windows?  Maybe we can help you with that.
  
- Greg 
  
  
  
  

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-- 


   Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA)

 (121.01 Deg. W, 39.26 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time)


“Life is one damn thing after another."
 -- Mark Twain 




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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux ... (Cygwin)

[Wayne Watson]

Title: Signature.html




First questions about Cygwin is I see a 1.7 Beta download version for
it, and references to 1.5 downloads. Where's 1.6? Is it past Beta?

Wayne Watson wrote:

  
That's a lot of text to respond to, but let me see if I can broadly do
it.
  
It appears that the idea of executing Linux code under Win XP is
d-e-a-d. (Let's ignore VM)
I will need to recompile the c-code in some way under Win XP. Probably
Cygwin.
The python code I'm working on will only be available to a private
audience which is comprised of Win users. 
  
Some years ago I started down the CygWiu road just to have Linux
available under Win. Old habits die hard. It was erratic and I pulled
it off. Cygwin seems to be still alive, so I think I will give it a
shake today. I hope it can tolerate the Makefiles and libraries the 38K
line program requires. My former knowledge of Makefiles died years ago.
Here's the main program's header file (and part of a Makefile).
Probably the tricky part is the graphic library use. In the meantime, I
headed for a Cygwin download.
  
wolf.c, the main program header.
  
#define wolf
  
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include "cgi-draw.h"   < This guy, maybe
#include "novas.h"
#include "global.h"
#include "calstars.h"
#include "imatrix.h"
#include "cnstl.h"
  
A sample of Makefile.linux
  
/*   markstars ***
   main routine of WOLF
   inputs: input_image - path for the input fits image file.
   output_image - filename of the output jpg processed image.
   detect - if 1, detect "unepxected" stars.
   write_on_target - if 1, type labels on the output image. In
this case, 
   output image must be specified.
   inverted - if 1, the image is inverted (black background and
white stars).
   constellations - if 1, draw constellations (greek style)
lines.
                   ...
  
  -- 
  
  
 Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA)

 (121.01 Deg. W, 39.26 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time)


“Life is one damn thing after another."
 -- Mark Twain 
  
  
  

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-- 

Signature.html
   Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA)

 (121.01 Deg. W, 39.26 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time)


“Life is one damn thing after another."
 -- Mark Twain 




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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[greg whittier]

On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 1:41 PM, Wayne Watson
wrote:

>  Yes, I'm sure I'll need help. I just posted a message minutes before yours
> mentioning I'm willing to try Cygwin. The C program, wolf, is the public
> domain  If trying to compile the program under Win is what you had in mind,
> then I can send you all the necessary files in a zip file. If not, then I'll
> be back to ask questions about what might be going wrong either here or in
> some Cygwin newsgroup.  I distantly recall there is one.
>

I actually found the code http://nightskylive.net/software/ from googling.
A quick "make" under msys/mingw didn't complete as I'd hoped, so you'll have
to put in some work, but it doesn't look insurmountable.  I think this is
pretty far afield from the python-tutor group though.  Maybe you could try
the community that uses WOLF or the cygwin group?
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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[Michael Farnham]

On Fri, 2009-03-20 at 04:35 -0700, Wayne Watson wrote:
> Good. Thanks.
> 
> Here's my code.
> ==
> # Executing a Linux program under Win XP
> from subprocess import call
> myProg = call(["C:\Sandia_Meteors\Various\FuzzyLogic\wolf", "-h"])


If I understand your question - A C program which runs in Linux
cannot run in Microsoft Windows without being recompiled. I know
that many of the people who have replied in this thread know this
so maybe I misunderstood the question.

HTH
Mike


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Re: [Tutor] adding dictionary values

[Kent Johnson]

2009/3/20 Emad Nawfal (عماد نوفل) :

> if I want to do this with more than two dictionaries, the obvious solution
> for me is to use something like the reduce functions with a list of
> dictionary names like:
> dictList = [dict1, dict2, dict3]
> newDict = reduce(addDicts, dictList)
>
> Is this a satisfactory solution?

This will do some extra copying, as addDicts() always copies the first
argument. You would do better with something like
def addToDict(a, b):
   for k,v in b.iteritems():
   a[k] += v
   return a

newDict = reduce(addDictTo, dictList[1:], defaultdict(int, dictList[0]))

or rewrite addDicts() to take a variable number of arguments and loop
over the args.

Kent
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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux ... (Cygwin)

[Kent Johnson]

On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 1:49 PM, Wayne Watson
 wrote:
> First questions about Cygwin is I see a 1.7 Beta download version for it,
> and references to 1.5 downloads. Where's 1.6? Is it past Beta?
>
> Wayne Watson wrote:
>
> That's a lot of text to respond to, but let me see if I can broadly do it.
>
> It appears that the idea of executing Linux code under Win XP is d-e-a-d.
> (Let's ignore VM)
> I will need to recompile the c-code in some way under Win XP. Probably
> Cygwin.

This is really far off-topic. Please don't use this list for
discussion of Cygwin and porting C code from Linux to Windows.

Kent
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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux in Python for Win

[Wayne Watson]

Title: Signature.html




Yes, sounds like you got the code, and I need to go outside this group
to a Cygwin forum/NG or Linux under Win. Recently, I was working with a
fellow associated with this effort who knows Linux very well. He had
some slight difficulty with the Makefiles, but finally got it running
on my ancient (and recently resurreced in a very old Linux) machine. It
came down to a few lines of the Makefile.  See my post about Cygwin 1.7
or 1.6. 

If you are further interested, for the moment anyway here's the
makefile we finally used. The g++ line was the big change.  Also
attached. The attachment may not make it or possibly get hung up with
the moderator. 

CC = g++
CFLAGS =  -c
BIN = wolf
OBJ = wolf.o calstars.o fclasses.o global.o \
  novas.o novascon.o readeph0.o solarsys.o \
  swedate.o swejpl.o swemmoon.o swemplan.o \
  sweph.o swephlib.o cgi-draw.o imatrix.o \
  cnstl.o \
  

wolf: $(OBJ)
    g++ -o wolf $(OBJ) -lm ./fits/cfitsio/libcfitsio.a # -lnsl -lsocket
wolf.o: wolf.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) wolf.c
calstars.o: calstars.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) calstars.c
fclasses.o: fclasses.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) fclasses.c
global.o: global.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) global.c
imatrix.o: imatrix.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) imatrix.c
cnstl.o: cnstl.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) cnstl.c
cgi-draw.o: cgi-draw.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) cgi-draw.c
novas.o: novas.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) novas.c
novascon.o: novascon.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) novascon.c
readeph0.o: readeph0.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) readeph0.c
solarsys.o: solarsys.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) solarsys.c
swedate.o: swedate.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) swedate.c
swejpl.o: swejpl.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) swejpl.c
swemmoon.o: swemmoon.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) swemmoon.c
swemplan.o: swemplan.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) swemplan.c
sweph.o: sweph.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) sweph.c
swephlib.o: swephlib.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) swephlib.c

clean:
    rm -f wolf *.o core


See my post to Marc about the header file and graphics use.

greg whittier wrote:
On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 1:41 PM, Wayne Watson 
wrote:
  
  
Yes, I'm sure I'll need help.
I just posted a message minutes before
yours mentioning I'm willing to try Cygwin. The C program, wolf, is the
public domain  If trying to compile the program under Win is what you
had in mind, then I can send you all the necessary files in a zip file.
If not, then I'll be back to ask questions about what might be going
wrong either here or in some Cygwin newsgroup.  I distantly recall
there is one. 
  
  
I actually found the code http://nightskylive.net/software/
from googling.  A quick "make" under msys/mingw didn't complete as I'd
hoped, so you'll have to put in some work, but it doesn't look
insurmountable.  I think this is pretty far afield from the
python-tutor group though.  Maybe you could try the community that uses
WOLF or the cygwin group?
  
  
  
  

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-- 


   Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA)

 (121.01 Deg. W, 39.26 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time)


“Life is one damn thing after another."
 -- Mark Twain 




CC = g++
CFLAGS =  -c
BIN = wolf
OBJ = wolf.o calstars.o fclasses.o global.o \
  novas.o novascon.o readeph0.o solarsys.o \
  swedate.o swejpl.o swemmoon.o swemplan.o \
  sweph.o swephlib.o cgi-draw.o imatrix.o \
  cnstl.o \
  

wolf: $(OBJ)
g++ -o wolf $(OBJ) -lm ./fits/cfitsio/libcfitsio.a # -lnsl -lsocket
wolf.o: wolf.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) wolf.c
calstars.o: calstars.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) calstars.c
fclasses.o: fclasses.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) fclasses.c
global.o: global.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) global.c
imatrix.o: imatrix.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) imatrix.c
cnstl.o: cnstl.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) cnstl.c
cgi-draw.o: cgi-draw.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) cgi-draw.c
novas.o: novas.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) novas.c
novascon.o: novascon.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) novascon.c
readeph0.o: readeph0.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) readeph0.c
solarsys.o: solarsys.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) solarsys.c
swedate.o: swedate.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) swedate.c
swejpl.o: swejpl.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) swejpl.c
swemmoon.o: swemmoon.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) swemmoon.c
swemplan.o: swemplan.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) swemplan.c
sweph.o: sweph.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) sweph.c
swephlib.o: swephlib.c
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) swephlib.c

clean:
rm -f wolf *.o core
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Re: [Tutor] Trouble parsing email from Outlook

[Eduardo Vieira]

On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 2:29 PM, Eduardo Vieira  wrote:
> On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 9:04 AM, Tim Golden  wrote:
>> Eduardo Vieira wrote:
>>>
>>> Thank you very much, Tim for the thorough explanation. Much more than
>>> I could expect. It will be specially useful for me a newbie python
>>> amateur programmer. I will try your guidance as soon as possible
>>> today, and see my progress.
>>
>> That's ok; might be worth posting back to the list to say
>> whether it worked or not. All the posts go into the archive
>> so people looking in the future for the same kind of solution
>> might be interested to know if my suggestion worked or
>> whether there were any other obstacles.
>>
>> TJG
>>
> Thanks again. I tried the code, trying to reformat the spaces and came
> up with this code: http://paste.lisp.org/display/77353
> I'm not sure if I indented correctly, and the result it gave me was:
> Searching Archive Folders
> Searching Mailbox - Eduardo Silva
>
> I don't understand the part "for folder, folders, items in cdo_walk
> (info_store.RootFolder):"
> RootFolder is IPM_SUBTREE if I check the Name value
>
I worked! sorry, I had to just align "raise x_found" with the "for"
statement, thank you very much!
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Re: [Tutor] Tkinter Geometry Management and Other Basics

[Alan Gauld]

"Wayne Watson"  wrote


I really don't want to spend weeks learning Tk/Tcl.


You shouldn't need to.
The Tk documentation is very easy to transfer to Tkinter:
Here is a sample from the official reference docs for Label
(found at: http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/TkCmd/contents.htm):

   STANDARD OPTIONS
 -activebackground, activeBackground, Foreground
 -activeforeground, activeForeground, Background
 -anchor, anchor, Anchor
 ...
 -takefocus, takeFocus, TakeFocus
 -text, text, Text
 -textvariable, textVariable, Variable
 -underline, underline, Underline
 -wraplength, wrapLength, WrapLength
WIDGET-SPECIFIC OPTIONS
 -height, height, Height
 -state, state, State
 -width, width, Width

So you can use

Label( option = value)

for any of the listed options. If you want to see what values are 
possible,

just click onthe option, for example state gives:
--
Command-Line Name: -state
Database Name: state
Database Class: State
Specifies one of three states for the label: normal, active, or 
disabled.
In normal state the button is displayed using the foreground and 
background options.
In active state the label is displayed using the activeForeground and 
activeBackground options.
In the disabled state the disabledForeground andbackground options 
determine how the button is displayed.


-

No real Tcl knowledge required. Just remember that in Tkinter you 
should

quote the value as a string, so:

lbl = Label(text = "My Label", state='disabled')

It really is quite easy. Too few Tkinter programmer shy away from the 
Tcl/Tk
sites because they think they need to know Tcl. Its not the case 90+% 
of the time.



--
Alan G
Author of the Learn to Program web site
http://www.alan-g.me.uk/ 



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Re: [Tutor] Trouble parsing email from Outlook

[Tim Golden]

Eduardo Vieira wrote:

On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 2:29 PM, Eduardo Vieira  wrote:

On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 9:04 AM, Tim Golden  wrote:

Eduardo Vieira wrote:

Thank you very much, Tim for the thorough explanation. Much more than
I could expect. It will be specially useful for me a newbie python
amateur programmer. I will try your guidance as soon as possible
today, and see my progress.

That's ok; might be worth posting back to the list to say
whether it worked or not. All the posts go into the archive
so people looking in the future for the same kind of solution
might be interested to know if my suggestion worked or
whether there were any other obstacles.

TJG


Thanks again. I tried the code, trying to reformat the spaces and came
up with this code: http://paste.lisp.org/display/77353
I'm not sure if I indented correctly, and the result it gave me was:
Searching Archive Folders
Searching Mailbox - Eduardo Silva

I don't understand the part "for folder, folders, items in cdo_walk
(info_store.RootFolder):"
RootFolder is IPM_SUBTREE if I check the Name value


I worked! sorry, I had to just align "raise x_found" with the "for"
statement, thank you very much!


Glad you got it working. The "for folder, folders, items in..." bit
is looping over each folder (with its subfolders and subitems) in
turn. cdo_walk is a generator -- a function-type mechanism which keeps
returning values, rather than just returning once. Because of that,
you can keep looping over it as it walks down the tree of folders,
recursively in this case altho' other approaches are possible.

FWIW, RootFolder is nearly always IPM_SUBTREE; its name doesn't
really matter: it's just a place to start looking.


Sorry about the formatting. With something more than a few lines
long I usually stick it in pastebin or wherever, but I was moving
too quickly when I wrote that this morning!

TJG
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Re: [Tutor] Executing a C Program from RH Linux ... (Cygwin)

[Wayne Watson]

Title: Signature.html




Sounds right to me. I won't.

Kent Johnson wrote:

  On Fri, Mar 20, 2009 at 1:49 PM, Wayne Watson
 wrote:
  
  
First questions about Cygwin is I see a 1.7 Beta download version for it,
and references to 1.5 downloads. Where's 1.6? Is it past Beta?

Wayne Watson wrote:

That's a lot of text to respond to, but let me see if I can broadly do it.

It appears that the idea of executing Linux code under Win XP is d-e-a-d.
(Let's ignore VM)
I will need to recompile the c-code in some way under Win XP. Probably
Cygwin.

  
  
This is really far off-topic. Please don't use this list for
discussion of Cygwin and porting C code from Linux to Windows.

Kent

  


-- 


   Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA)

 (121.01 Deg. W, 39.26 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time)


“Life is one damn thing after another."
 -- Mark Twain 




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Re: [Tutor] Tkinter Geometry Management and Other Basics

[Alan Gauld]

"Alan Gauld"  wrote

It really is quite easy. Too few Tkinter programmer shy away from 
the Tcl/Tk  sites because they think they need to know Tcl.


Ahem, that should have said too *many* of course not too few

Sorry,

Alan G 



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Re: [Tutor] Tkinter Geometry Management and Other Basics

[Wayne Watson]

I read between the lines. :-)

I was just beginning to re-read it as I saw this message pop into my
Send box. It looks like there are three choices for words for each
option that vary slightly for each state. Only the command-line name
appears to have relevance for Tkinter. In the Label case, the three
states have different uses for text, but, in Grid, it appears to be
only useful for command-line, Tkinter use. Well, it's worth thinking
about. It certainly collects the options in one place. 

Alan Gauld wrote:

"Alan Gauld"  wrote
  
  
  It really is quite easy. Too few Tkinter
programmer shy away from the Tcl/Tk  sites because they think they need
to know Tcl.

  
  
Ahem, that should have said too *many* of course not too few
  
  
Sorry,
  
  
Alan G 
  
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-- 

Signature.html
   Wayne Watson (Watson Adventures, Prop., Nevada City, CA)

 (121.01 Deg. W, 39.26 Deg. N) GMT-8 hr std. time)


“Life is one damn thing after another."
 -- Mark Twain 





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