Solved (without outside help, but at the cost of wasting most of a day). It 
had nothing to do with the kernel or the card itself. This part of my 
description did turn out to be the key:

>One possible clue: since I built ne2k support directly into my 2.2.17 
>kernel, it uses only the lilo.conf "append" commands to configure the NICs 
>- in contrast, the 2.2.16 kernel, with loadable module support, uses 
>modules.conf for that purpose. But everything below looks good with both 
>files, so....?

It turns out that lilo has a bug/feature/oddity that others have noted (but 
no one seems to care to fix) that truncates anything in the "append" line 
at about 40 (!) characters. In my case, that meant that the "eth2" params 
at the end of the line got nuked, and the card was never probed at all:

append="ether=10,0x300,eth0 ether=11,0x320,eth1 ether=12,0x340,eth2".

Kludge solution was just to eliminate the "eth0" setup since the autoprobe 
at 0x300/irq10 would get eth0 set up properly anyways. That allowed the 
non-standard eth1 and eth2 setups to get into the boot properly.

Is there a better place to report this as a LILO issue so others don't 
waste their time as well?

/David/

-------------
>I just added a third ethernet card to my firewall machine in preparation 
>for setting up a web server/DMZ subnet.
>
>This new card is identical to the other two already in the machine which 
>are both working (fwiw, they're all ISA NE2000 clones, hard-configured to 
>non-overlapping IRQs and io addresses). I've identified them to lilo.conf 
>_and_ in modules.conf, and done a lilo -v.
>
>When I boot with the stock RH 6.2 kernel v2.2.16, all three interfaces are 
>recognized, initialized, and run fine (and catting /proc/interrupts and 
>/proc/ioaddresses confirms the cards' IRQ/IO address parameters given 
>below are correct).
>
>But when I boot with my home-built "minimal" v2.2.17 kernel, only eth0 and 
>eth1 are even seen (they work fine). eth2 isn't initialized or even 
>probed, as far as I can tell.
>
>What could be missing from my kernel or init files that's causing this 
>behavior? (Remember, these are literally identical cards from the same 
>manufacturer.)
>
>TIA for any (informed) speculation. Newbies replying with copies of man 
>pages will be cheerfully ignored. :)
>
>/David/
>
>in /etc/lilo.conf:
>image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.17jdr
>         label=linux.2.2.17jdr
>         read-only
>         append="ether=10,0x300,eth0 ether=11,0x320,eth1 ether=12,0x340,eth2"
>         root=/dev/hda3
>
>
>in /etc/modules.conf:
>alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
>alias eth0 ne
>alias eth1 ne
>alias eth2 ne
>options ne io=0x300,0x320,0x340 irq=10,11,12



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