Jeff,
Perhaps I was sloppy with my notation:
I want groups
>=0 <10
>=10 <20
>=20<30
......
>=90 <100
 
In any event, my question remains, why did the four different versions of cut 
give me the same results? I hope someone can explain to me the function of 
include.lowest and right in the call to cut. As demonstrated in my example 
below, the parameters do not seem to alter the results of using cut.
Thank you,
John
 
 
P.S. How do I find FAQ 7.31?
Thank you,
John
 
I 



John David Sorkin M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Medicine
Chief, Biostatistics and Informatics
University of Maryland School of Medicine Division of Gerontology and Geriatric 
Medicine
Baltimore VA Medical Center
10 North Greene Street
GRECC (BT/18/GR)
Baltimore, MD 21201-1524
(Phone) 410-605-7119
(Fax) 410-605-7913 (Please call phone number above prior to faxing) 
>>> Jeff Newmiller <jdnew...@dcn.davis.ca.us> 04/16/16 11:07 PM >>>
Have you read FAQ 7.31 recently, John? Your whole premise is flawed. You should 
be thinking of ranges [0,10), [10,20), and so on because numbers ending in 0.9 
are never going to be exact. 
-- 
Sent from my phone. Please excuse my brevity.


On April 16, 2016 7:38:50 PM PDT, John Sorkin <jsor...@grecc.umaryland.edu> 
wrote:
I am trying to understand cut so I can divide a list of numbers into 10 group:
  0-9.0
10-10.9
20-20.9
30-30.9,
40-40.9,
50-50.9
60-60.9
70-70.9
80-80.9
90-90.9
 
As I try to do this, I have been playing with the cut function. Surprising the 
following for applications of cut give me the exact same groups. This surprises 
me given that I have varied parameters include.lowest and right. Can someone 
help me understand what include.lowest and right do? I have looked at the help 
page, but I don't seem to understand what I am being told!
Thank you,
John

values <- c((0:99),c(0.9:99.9))
sort(values)
c1<-cut(values,10,include.lowest=FALSE,right=TRUE)
c2<-cut(values,10,include.lowest=FALSE,right=FALSE)
c3<-cut(values,10,include.lowest=TRUE,right=TRUE)
c4<-cut(values,10,include.lowest=TRUE,right=FALSE)
cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c1),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c1),max))
cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c2),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c2),max))
cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c3),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c3),max))
cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c4),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c4),max))

You can run the code below, or inspect the results I got which are reproduced 
below:
 
 cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c1),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c1),max))

      min.Group.1 min.x    max.Group.1 max.x
1  (-0.0999,9.91]     0 (-0.0999,9.91]   9.9
2     (9.91,19.9]    10    (9.91,19.9]  19.9
3     (19.9,29.9]    20    (19.9,29.9]  29.9
4     (29.9,39.9]    30    (29.9,39.9]  39.9
5       (39.9,50]    40      (39.9,50]  49.9
6         (50,60]    50        (50,60]  59.9
7         (60,70]    60        (60,70]  69.9
8         (70,80]    70        (70,80]  79.9
9         (80,90]    80        (80,90]  89.9
10       (90,100]    90       (90,100]  99.9
 cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c2),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c2),max))

      min.Group.1 min.x    max.Group.1 max.x
1  [-0.0999,9.91)     0 [-0.0999,9.91)   9.9
2     [9.91,19.9)    10    [9.91,19.9)  19.9
3     [19.9,29.9)    20    [19.9,29.9)  29.9
4     [29.9,39.9)    30    [29.9,39.9)  39.9
5       [39.9,50)    40      [39.9,50)  49.9
6         [50,60)    50        [50,60)  59.9
7         [60,70)    60        [60,70)  69.9
8         [70,80)    70        [70,80)  79.9
9         [80,90)    80        [80,90)  89.9
10       [90,100)    90       [90,100)  99.9
 cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c3),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c3),max))

      min.Group.1 min.x    max.Group.1 max.x
1  [-0.0999,9.91]     0 [-0.0999,9.91]   9.9
2     (9.91,19.9]    10    (9.91,19.9]  19.9
3     (19.9,29.9]    20    (19.9,29.9]  29.9
4     (29.9,39.9]    30    (29.9,39.9]  39.9
5       (39.9,50]    40      (39.9,50]  49.9
6         (50,60]    50        (50,60]  59.9
7         (60,70]    60        (60,70]  69.9
8         (70,80]    70        (70,80]  79.9
9         (80,90]    80        (80,90]  89.9
10       (90,100]    90       (90,100]  99.9
 cbind(min=aggregate(values,list(c4),min),max=aggregate(values,list(c4),max))

      min.Group.1 min.x    max.Group.1 max.x
1 [-0.0999,9.91)     0 [-0.0999,9.91)   9.9
2     [9.91,19.9)    10    [9.91,19.9)  19.9
3     [19.9,29.9)    20    [19.9,29.9)  29.9
4     [29.9,39.9)    30    [29.9,39.9)  39.9
5       [39.9,50)    40      [39.9,50)  49.9
6         [50,60)    50        [50,60)  59.9
7         [60,70)    60        [60,70)  69.9
8         [70,80)    70        [70,80)  79.9
9         [80,90)    80        [80,90)  89.9
10       [90,100]    90       [90,100]  99.9
John David Sorkin M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Medicine
Chief, Biostatistics and Informatics
University of Maryland School of Medicine Division of Gerontology and Geriatric 
Medicine
Baltimore VA Medical Center
10 North Greene Street
GRECC (BT/18/GR)
Baltimore, MD 21201-1524
(Phone) 410-605-7119
(Fax) 410-605-7913 (Please call phone number above prior to faxing) 

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