Or maybe the "right" concept is that "numeric" is a virtual class
with 3 subclasses: "complex", "double", and "integer". Anyway it's
probably too late for implementing the "right" concept so it doesn't
really matter.
Thanks Martin for offering to fix the as(1L, "numeric") bug. Very
much appreciated. I guess that means fixing the class(x) <- "numeric"
bug on integer vectors:
> x <- 1L
> class(x) <- "numeric"
> class(x)
[1] "integer"
My wish for 2016: that selectMethod() always tells the truth. For
example selectMethod("coerce", c("integer", "numeric")) doesn't
in a fresh session, only after you call as(1L, "numeric")). Full
story here:
https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-devel/2010-April/057098.html
Thanks,
H.
On 12/19/2015 10:09 AM, John Chambers wrote:
As I tried to say on Dec. 11, there are two levels of "fix":
1. The fix to the complaint in the OP's subject heading is to conform to the default
third argument, strict=TRUE: as(1L, "numeric") == 1.0
This generates some incompatibilities, as for classes that extend "numeric". But still leaves
class(1.0) "numeric" and typeof(1.0) "double".
The workaround for class definitions that really need NOT to coerce integers to
double is to define a class union, say
setClassUnion("Number", c("numeric", "integer"))
and use that for the slot.
2. The "right" concept is arguably that "numeric" is a virtual class with two subclasses, "double" and
"integer". Given a time machine back to < 1998, that would be my choice. But already in the 1998 S4 book, "numeric"
was equated with "double".
so, there it is, IMO. This is what you get with a successful open-source language: Much
hassle to do the "right thing" after the fact and the more change, the more
hassle.
Fix 1. seems to me an actual bug fix, so my inclination would be to go with
that (on r-devel), advertising that it may change the effective definition of
some classes.
But I can sympathize with choosing 1, 2 or neither.
John
PS: Until Jan. 4, I may be even poorer at replying than usual, while getting
the current book off to the publisher.
On Dec 19, 2015, at 3:32 AM, Martin Maechler <maech...@stat.math.ethz.ch> wrote:
Martin Maechler <maech...@stat.math.ethz.ch>
on Sat, 12 Dec 2015 10:32:51 +0100 writes:
John Chambers <j...@r-project.org>
on Fri, 11 Dec 2015 10:11:05 -0800 writes:
Somehow, the most obvious fixes are always back-incompatible these days.
The example intrigued me, so I looked into it a bit (should have been doing
something else, but ....)
You're right that this is the proverbial thin-edge-of-the-wedge.
The problem is in setDataPart(), which will be called whenever a class extends
one of the vector types.
It does
as(value, dataClass)
The key point is that the third argument to as(), strict=TRUE by default. So, yes, the
change will cause all integer vectors to become double when the class extends
"numeric". Generally, strict=TRUE makes sense here and of course changing THAT
would open up yet more incompatibilities.
For back compatibility, one would have to have some special code in
setDataPart() for the case of integer/numeric.
John
(Historically, the original sin was probably not making a distinction between "numeric"
as a virtual class and "double" as a type/class.)
Yes, indeed. In the mean time, I've seen more cases where
"the change will cause all integer vectors to become double when the class extends
"numeric".
seems detrimental.
OTOH, I still think we could go in the right direction ---
hopefully along the wishes of bioconductor S4 development, see
Martin Morgan's e-mail:
[This is all S4 - only; should not much affect base R / S3]
Currently, "integer" is a subclass of "numeric" and so the
"integer become double" part seems unwanted to me.
OTOH, it would really make sense to more formally
have the basic subclasses of "numeric" to be "integer" and "double",
and to let as(*, "double") to become different to as(*, "numeric")
[Again, this is just for the S4 classes and as() coercions, *not* e.g.
for as.numeric() / as.double() !]
In the DEPRECATED part of the NEWS for R 2.7.0 (April 2008) we
have had
o The S4 pseudo-classes "single" and double have been removed.
(The S4 class for a REALSXP is "numeric": for back-compatibility
as(x, "double") coerces to "numeric".)
I think the removal of "single" was fine, but in hindsight,
maybe the removal of "double" -- which was partly broken then --
possibly could rather have been a fixup of "double" along the
following
Current "thought experiment proposal" :
1) "numeric" := {"integer", "double"} { class - subclasses }
2) as(1L, "numeric") continues to return 1L .. since integer is
one case of "numeric"
3) as(1L, "double") newly returns 1.0 {and in fact would be
"equivalent" to as.double(1L)}
After the above change, S4 as(*, "double") would correspond to S3 as.double
but as(*, "numeric") would continue to differ from
as.numeric(*), the former *not* changing integers to double.
Martin
Also note that e.g.
class(pi) would return "double" instead of "numeric"
and this will break all the bad programming style usages of
if(class(x) == "numeric")
which I tend to see in gazillions of user and even package codes
This bad (aka error prone !) because "correct" usage would be
if(inherits(x, "numeric"))
and that of course would *not* break after the change above.
- - - -
A week later, I'm still pretty convinced it would be worth going
in the direction proposed above.
But I was actually hoping for some encouragement or "mental support"...
or then to hear why you think the proposition is not good or not
viable ...
On Dec 11, 2015, at 1:25 AM, Martin Maechler <maech...@stat.math.ethz.ch> wrote:
Martin Maechler <maech...@stat.math.ethz.ch>
on Tue, 8 Dec 2015 15:25:21 +0100 writes:
John Chambers <j...@r-project.org>
on Mon, 7 Dec 2015 16:05:59 -0800 writes:
We do need an explicit method here, I think.
The issue is that as() uses methods for the generic function coerce() but cannot use inheritance in
the usual way (if it did, you would be immediately back with no change, since "integer"
inherits from "numeric").
Copying in the general method for coercing to "numeric" as an explicit method for
"integer" gives the expected result:
setMethod("coerce", c("integer", "numeric"), getMethod("coerce", c("ANY",
"numeric")))
[1] "coerce"
typeof(as(1L, "numeric"))
[1] "double"
Seems like a reasonable addition to the code, unless someone sees a problem.
John
I guess that that some package checks (in CRAN + Bioc + ... -
land) will break,
but I still think we should add such a coercion to R.
Martin
Hmm... I've tried to add the above to R
and do notice that there are consequences that may be larger than
anticipated:
Here is example code:
myN <- setClass("myN", contains="numeric")
myNid <- setClass("myNid", contains="numeric", representation(id="character"))
NN <- setClass("NN", representation(x="numeric"))
(m1 <- myN (1:3))
(m2 <- myNid(1:3, id = "i3"))
tools::assertError(NN (1:3))# in all R versions
## # current R | new R
## # -----------|----------
class(getDataPart(m1)) # integer | numeric
class(getDataPart(m2)) # integer | numeric
In other words, with the above setting, the traditional
gentleperson's agreement in S and R,
__ "numeric" sometimes conveniently means "integer" or "double" __
will be slightly less often used ... which of course may be a
very good thing.
However, it breaks strict back compatibility also in cases where
the previous behavior may have been preferable:
After all integer vectors need only have the space of doubles.
Shall we still go ahead and do apply this change to R-devel
and then all package others will be willing to update where necessary?
As this may affect the many hundreds of bioconductor packages
using S4 classes, I am -- exceptionally -- cross posting to the
bioc-devel list.
Martin Maechler
On Dec 7, 2015, at 3:37 PM, Benjamin Tyner <bty...@gmail.com> wrote:
Perhaps it is not that surprising, given that
mode(1L)
[1] "numeric"
and
is.numeric(1L)
[1] TRUE
On the other hand, this is curious, to say the least:
is.double(as(1L, "double"))
[1] FALSE
Here's the surprising behavior:
x <- 1L
xx <- as(x, "numeric")
class(xx)
## [1] "integer"
It occurs because the call to `as(x, "numeric")` dispatches the coerce
S4 method for the signature `c("integer", "numeric")`, whose body is
copied in below.
function (from, to = "numeric", strict = TRUE)
if (strict) {
class(from) <- "numeric"
from
} else from
This in turn does nothing, even when strict=TRUE, because that
assignment to class "numeric" has no effect:
x <- 10L
class(x) <- "numeric"
class(x)
[1] "integer"
Is this the desired behavior for `as(x, "numeric")`?
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Program in Computational Biology
Division of Public Health Sciences
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
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