On Fri, Apr 05, 2019 at 10:40:18PM +0200, Alexandre Ratchov wrote:
> On Thu, Apr 04, 2019 at 02:40:19PM +0200, Raphael Graf wrote:
> > The attached diff adds input support to portmidi.
> > For each open input device, a thread is started, waiting for input using
> > poll(2).
> > 
> > The following program can be used for testing input and ouput:
> > /usr/ports/pobj/portmidi-217/build-amd64/Release/test
> > (it is not installed by the port)
> > 
> > If I understand the API correctly, portmidi is not a good choice for 
> > realtime
> > midi-input. There is no callback functionality for reading, so busy-waiting 
> > is
> > needed, like this:
> > 
> > while (Pm_Poll(midi)) {
> >     Pm_Read(midi, buffer, 1);
> > }
> > 
> 
> Thank you very much for your update.
> 
> I've never used portmidi, but this lack of multiplexing forces the
> caller to also start a thread (per device) and we'd end up with two
> threads per device!
> 
> > (see http://portmedia.sourceforge.net/portmidi/doxygen/group__grp__io.html)
> > 
> > Currently, audacity is the only user of portmidi, only using it for output.
> > .. so I'm not sure how useful this diff is ;)
> 
> I remember having tried few times to download & build midi programs
> until I notice they depend on portmidi. Now I can try again :-)
> 
> > 
> > Any comments or ok?
> > 
> 
> few comments about the midi bits below:

Thank you, attached is a new diff, see comments below.

I have tested it using portmidi's test-programs 'test' and 'sysex'.
For testing, I have also enabled portmidi in audio/mscore and audio/hydrogen
where it seems to work fine.

> 
> > Index: files/pm_sndio/pmsndio.c
> > ===================================================================
> > RCS file: /cvs/ports/audio/portmidi/files/pm_sndio/pmsndio.c,v
> > retrieving revision 1.1.1.1
> > diff -u -p -u -p -r1.1.1.1 pmsndio.c
> > --- files/pm_sndio/pmsndio.c        23 Mar 2019 13:30:08 -0000      1.1.1.1
> > +++ files/pm_sndio/pmsndio.c        4 Apr 2019 11:03:08 -0000
> > @@ -3,9 +3,13 @@
> >  #include <stdlib.h>
> >  #include <stdio.h>
> >  #include <sndio.h>
> > +#include <string.h>
> > +#include <poll.h>
> > +#include <pthread.h>
> >  #include "portmidi.h"
> >  #include "pmutil.h"
> >  #include "pminternal.h"
> > +#include "porttime.h"
> >  
> >  
> >  PmDeviceID pm_default_input_device_id = -1;
> > @@ -14,28 +18,70 @@ PmDeviceID pm_default_output_device_id =
> >  extern pm_fns_node pm_sndio_in_dictionary;
> >  extern pm_fns_node pm_sndio_out_dictionary;
> >  
> > +#define NDEVS 9
> > +#define SYSEX_MAXLEN 256 
> > +
> > +struct mio_dev {
> > +    char name[16];
> > +    struct mio_hdl *hdl;
> > +    int mode;
> > +    char errmsg[PM_HOST_ERROR_MSG_LEN];
> > +    pthread_t thread;
> > +} devs[NDEVS];
> > +
> > +static void set_mode(struct mio_dev *, unsigned int);
> > +
> >  void pm_init()
> >  {
> > -    // Add output devices
> > -    pm_add_device("SNDIO",
> > -      "default",
> > -      FALSE,
> > -      (void *)0,
> > -      &pm_sndio_out_dictionary);
> > -    pm_add_device("SNDIO",
> > -      "midi/0",
> > -      FALSE,
> > -      (void *)1,
> > -      &pm_sndio_out_dictionary);
> > +    int i, j = 0;
> > +
> > +    /* default */
> > +    strcpy(devs[j].name, MIO_PORTANY);
> > +    pm_add_device("SNDIO", devs[j].name, TRUE, (void *) &devs[j],
> > +        &pm_sndio_in_dictionary);
> > +    pm_add_device("SNDIO", devs[j].name, FALSE, (void *) &devs[j],
> > +        &pm_sndio_out_dictionary);
> > +    j++;
> > +
> > +    /* midithru */
> > +    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
> > +        sprintf(devs[j].name, "midithru/%d", i);
> > +        pm_add_device("SNDIO", devs[j].name, TRUE, (void *) &devs[j],
> > +          &pm_sndio_in_dictionary);
> > +        pm_add_device("SNDIO", devs[j].name, FALSE, (void *) &devs[j],
> > +          &pm_sndio_out_dictionary);
> > +        j++;
> > +    }
> > +
> > +    /* rmidi */
> > +    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
> > +        sprintf(devs[j].name, "rmidi/%d", i);
> > +        pm_add_device("SNDIO", devs[j].name, TRUE, (void *) &devs[j],
> > +          &pm_sndio_in_dictionary);
> > +        pm_add_device("SNDIO", devs[j].name, FALSE, (void *) &devs[j],
> > +          &pm_sndio_out_dictionary);
> > +        j++;
> > +    }
> >  
> 
> I'd also add few "midi/%d" and "snd/%d" devices, the latter are are
> MIDI as well (input gets notification about volume changes and the
> sound card wall clock).
> 
> But I wonder if it makes sense to try to enumerate all possible ones.
> The "default" device can handle virtually anything as the user can run
> the proper midicat instances to handle as many devices it wishes. At
> least that's how I proceed.

I'm not sure if enumerating the devices makes sense, for now I have added
"midi/%d" and "snd/%d" to the list (two devices each).

> 
> > +void* input_thread(void *param)
> > +{
> > +    PmInternal *midi = (PmInternal*)param;
> > +    struct mio_dev *dev = (struct mio_dev *) midi->descriptor;
> > +    struct pollfd pfd[1];
> > +    nfds_t nfds;
> > +    unsigned char status, byte = 0;
> > +    int count = 0, msglen;
> > +    PmEvent pm_ev, pm_ev_rt;
> > +    unsigned char sysex_data[SYSEX_MAXLEN];
> > +
> > +    while(dev->mode & MIO_IN) {
> > +           nfds = mio_pollfd(dev->hdl, pfd, POLLIN);
> > +        if (poll(pfd, nfds, 100) < 0) {
> 
> poll could return with EINTR errno, which is legitimate (ex, if the
> program is using timers or catches signals). If so poll() must be
> restarted (unless dev->mode chaged).
> 
> > +            fprintf(stderr, "poll error; aborting midi thread\n");
> > +            break;
> > +        }
> > +        if (!(mio_revents(dev->hdl, pfd) & POLLIN))
> > +            continue;
> > +
> 
> Reading a single byte means one syscall per byte, it might have an
> impact on the system. Another option is to use a buffer and refill it
> when needed:

done

> 
>       unsigned char buf[0x200], *p;
>       size_t todo = 0;
>       int revents;
> 
>       while (1) {
>               if (todo == 0) {
>                       nfds = mio_pollfd(..., POLLIN);
>                       rc = poll(...);
>                       if (rc < 0) {
>                               if (errno == EINTR)
>                                       continue;
>                               break;
>                       }
>                       revents = mio_revents(...);
>                       if (revents & POLLHUP)
>                               break;
>                       if (!(revents & POLLIN))
>                               continue;
>                       todo = mio_read(hdl, buf, sizeof(buf));
>                       if (todo == 0)
>                               continue;
>                       p = buf;
>               }
> 
>               byte = *p++;
>               todo--;
> 
>               /* parse *p here */
>       }
>               
> > +        if (!mio_read(dev->hdl, &byte, 1)) {
> > +            fprintf(stderr, "read error; aborting midi thread\n");
> > +            break;
> > +        }
> > +
> > +        if (byte & 0x80) {
> > +            if (byte >= 0xf8) {
> > +                /* realtime message */
> > +                pm_ev_rt.message = byte;
> > +                pm_ev_rt.timestamp = Pt_Time();
> > +                pm_read_short(midi, &pm_ev_rt);
> > +                continue;
> > +            }
> > +            status = byte;
> > +            switch(byte) {
> > +            case 0xf0: /* sysex */
> > +                sysex_data[0] = byte;
> > +                msglen = 0;
> > +                count = 0;
> 
> as this first byte entered the buffer, shouldn't count start at 1?

The count is incremented at the end of the loop, but I have replaced this code
anyway.. The new version is very similar to the code in the midi_in() function
in src/usr.bin/sndiod/midi.c. (The handling of sysex messages is different)

> 
> > +                break;
> > +            case 0xf7: /* sysex end */
> > +                sysex_data[count] = byte;
> 
> same question here, shouldn't count be incremented here as well?
> 
> > +                break;
> > +            default: /*status */
> 
> Handling of common message 0xf1..0xf6 is missing, they are different
> from 0x80..0xef, as they reset the status byte.
> 
> > +                pm_ev.message = byte;
> > +                pm_ev.timestamp = Pt_Time();
> > +                msglen = midi_message_length(pm_ev.message);
> > +                count = 0;
> > +                break;
> > +            }
> 
> we may receive data without status byte. An easy way to handle this
> is to initialize status = 0 and below do:
> 
>               } else if (status != 0) {
>                       if (status == 0xf0)
>                               ...
>                       ...
> 
> 
> > +        } else { /* data */
> > +            if (status == 0xf0) /* sysex data */
> > +                if (count < SYSEX_MAXLEN - 1) {
> > +                    sysex_data[count] = byte;
> > +                } else {
> > +                    fprintf(stderr, "the message is too long\n");
> > +                    continue;
> > +                }
> > +            else if (count > 0) /* short messge */
> > +                pm_ev.message |= (byte << (8 * count));
> > +        }
> > +
> > +        count++;
> > +
> > +        if (status == 0xf7) /* sysex data received */
> > +            pm_read_bytes(midi, &sysex_data[0], count, Pt_Time());
> > +        else if (count == msglen) /* short message received */
> > +            pm_read_short(midi, &pm_ev);
> > +    }
> 
> For this part, you could take a look to the midi_in() function in
> src/usr.bin/sndiod/midi.c, it does exactly the same thing but with
> different variable names.
> 
> > +    pthread_exit(NULL);
> > +    return NULL;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static void set_mode(struct mio_dev *dev, unsigned int mode) {
> > +    if (dev->mode != 0)
> > +        mio_close(dev->hdl);
> > +    dev->mode = 0;
> > +    if (mode != 0)
> > +        dev->hdl = mio_open(dev->name, mode, 1);
> 
> I'd suggest not using the non-blocking mode, because Pm_Write() is
> blocking and poll(4) ensures we never block in mio_read().

Yes, using blocking mode is much better.

> 
> > +    if (dev->hdl)
> > +        dev->mode = mode;
> > +}
> > +
> >  static PmError sndio_out_open(PmInternal *midi, void *driverInfo)
> >  {
> > -    const char *device = descriptors[midi->device_id].pub.name;
> > -    struct mio_hdl *mio;
> > +    descriptor_type desc = &descriptors[midi->device_id];
> > +    struct mio_dev *dev = (struct mio_dev *) desc->descriptor;
> >  
> > -    mio = mio_open(device, MIO_OUT, 0);
> > -    if (!mio) {
> > -        fprintf(stderr, "mio_open failed\n");
> > +    if (dev->mode & MIO_OUT)
> > +        return pmNoError;
> > +
> > +    set_mode(dev, dev->mode | MIO_OUT);
> > +    if (!(dev->mode & MIO_OUT)) {
> > +        snprintf(dev->errmsg, PM_HOST_ERROR_MSG_LEN,
> > +          "mio_open (output) failed: %s\n", dev->name);
> >          return pmHostError;
> >      }
> > -    midi->descriptor = mio;
> >  
> > +    midi->descriptor = (void *)dev;
> >      return pmNoError;
> >  }
> > +
> > +static PmError sndio_in_open(PmInternal *midi, void *driverInfo)
> > +{
> > +    descriptor_type desc = &descriptors[midi->device_id];
> > +    struct mio_dev *dev = (struct mio_dev *) desc->descriptor;
> > +
> > +    if (dev->mode & MIO_IN)
> > +        return pmNoError;
> > +
> > +    set_mode(dev, dev->mode | MIO_IN);
> > +    if (!(dev->mode & MIO_IN)) {
> > +        snprintf(dev->errmsg, PM_HOST_ERROR_MSG_LEN,
> > +          "mio_open (input) failed: %s\n", dev->name);
> > +        return pmHostError;
> > +    }
> > +    midi->descriptor = (void *)dev;
> > +    pthread_attr_t attr;
> > +    pthread_attr_init(&attr);
> > +    pthread_create(&dev->thread, &attr, input_thread, ( void* )midi);
> > +    return pmNoError;
> > +}
> > +
> >  static PmError sndio_out_close(PmInternal *midi)
> >  {
> > -    mio_close(midi->descriptor);
> > +    struct mio_dev *dev = (struct mio_dev *) midi->descriptor;
> > +
> > +    if (dev->mode & MIO_OUT)
> > +        set_mode(dev, dev->mode & ~MIO_OUT);
> > +    return pmNoError;
> > +}
> > +
> > +static PmError sndio_in_close(PmInternal *midi)
> > +{
> > +    struct mio_dev *dev = (struct mio_dev *) midi->descriptor;
> > +
> > +    if (dev->mode & MIO_IN) {
> > +        set_mode(dev, dev->mode & ~MIO_IN);
> > +        pthread_join(dev->thread, NULL);
> > +        dev->thread = NULL;
> > +    }
> >      return pmNoError;
> >  }
> > +
> >  static PmError sndio_abort(PmInternal *midi)
> >  {
> > -    mio_close(midi->descriptor);
> >      return pmNoError;
> >  }
> > +
> >  static PmTimestamp sndio_synchronize(PmInternal *midi)
> >  {
> >      return 0;
> >  }
> > -static PmError sndio_write_byte(PmInternal *midi, unsigned char byte,
> > -                        PmTimestamp timestamp)
> > +
> > +static PmError do_write(struct mio_dev *dev, const void *addr, size_t 
> > nbytes)
> >  {
> > -    size_t w = mio_write(midi->descriptor, &byte, 1);
> > -    if (w != 1) {
> > -        fprintf(stderr, "mio_write failed\n");
> > +    int nfds, revents;
> > +    struct pollfd pfds[1];
> > +
> > +    do {
> > +        nfds = mio_pollfd(dev->hdl, pfds, POLLOUT);
> > +        if (poll(pfds, nfds, -1) < 0) {
> > +            fprintf(stderr, "poll error; write failed\n");
> > +            break;
> > +        }
> > +        revents = mio_revents(dev->hdl, pfds);
> > +    } while (!(revents & POLLOUT));
> > +
> > +    size_t w = mio_write(dev->hdl, addr, nbytes);
> 
> If using non-blocking mio_write(), then mio_write() must wrapped in a
> loop to handle short writes. Ex:
> 
>       unsigned char *data = addr;
>       size_t todo = nbytes;
> 
>       while (todo > 0) {
>               nfds = mio_pollfd(..., POLLOUT);
>               poll(...)
>               revents = mio_revents(...);
>               if (revents & POLLHUP)
>                       return pmHostError;
>               if (revents & POLLOUT) {
>                       w = mio_write(hdl, data, todo);
>                       todo -= w;
>                       data += w;
>               }
>       }
> 
> but this is equivalent to a blocking write, so it's much easier to
> just use the blocking mode.
> 
> HTH
> 
> -- Alexandre
> 
Index: Makefile
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvs/ports/audio/portmidi/Makefile,v
retrieving revision 1.1.1.1
diff -u -p -u -p -r1.1.1.1 Makefile
--- Makefile    23 Mar 2019 13:30:08 -0000      1.1.1.1
+++ Makefile    2 May 2019 11:40:22 -0000
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ COMMENT =       library for real time input an
 
 DISTNAME =     portmidi-src-217
 PKGNAME =      portmidi-217
+REVISION =     0
 
 SHARED_LIBS =  portmidi        0.0
 
Index: files/pm_sndio/pmsndio.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvs/ports/audio/portmidi/files/pm_sndio/pmsndio.c,v
retrieving revision 1.1.1.1
diff -u -p -u -p -r1.1.1.1 pmsndio.c
--- files/pm_sndio/pmsndio.c    23 Mar 2019 13:30:08 -0000      1.1.1.1
+++ files/pm_sndio/pmsndio.c    2 May 2019 11:40:22 -0000
@@ -3,10 +3,20 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <sndio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
 #include "portmidi.h"
 #include "pmutil.h"
 #include "pminternal.h"
+#include "porttime.h"
 
+#define NDEVS 9 
+#define SYSEX_MAXLEN 1024 
+
+#define SYSEX_START     0xf0
+#define SYSEX_END       0xf7
 
 PmDeviceID pm_default_input_device_id = -1;
 PmDeviceID pm_default_output_device_id = -1;
@@ -14,28 +24,63 @@ PmDeviceID pm_default_output_device_id =
 extern pm_fns_node pm_sndio_in_dictionary;
 extern pm_fns_node pm_sndio_out_dictionary;
 
+/* length of voice and common messages (status byte included) */
+unsigned int voice_len[] = { 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3 };
+unsigned int common_len[] = { 0, 2, 3, 2, 0, 0, 1, 1 };
+
+struct mio_dev {
+    char name[16];
+    struct mio_hdl *hdl;
+    int mode;
+    char errmsg[PM_HOST_ERROR_MSG_LEN];
+    pthread_t thread;
+} devs[NDEVS];
+
+static void set_mode(struct mio_dev *, unsigned int);
+
 void pm_init()
 {
-    // Add output devices
-    pm_add_device("SNDIO",
-      "default",
-      FALSE,
-      (void *)0,
-      &pm_sndio_out_dictionary);
-    pm_add_device("SNDIO",
-      "midi/0",
-      FALSE,
-      (void *)1,
-      &pm_sndio_out_dictionary);
+    int i, j, k = 0;
+    char devices[][16] = {"midithru", "rmidi", "midi", "snd"};
+
+    /* default */
+    strcpy(devs[0].name, MIO_PORTANY);
+    pm_add_device("SNDIO", devs[0].name, TRUE, (void *) &devs[k],
+        &pm_sndio_in_dictionary);
+    pm_add_device("SNDIO", devs[0].name, FALSE, (void *) &devs[k],
+        &pm_sndio_out_dictionary);
+    k++;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+        for (j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+            sprintf(devs[k].name, "%s/%d", devices[i], j);
+            pm_add_device("SNDIO", devs[k].name, TRUE, (void *) &devs[k],
+              &pm_sndio_in_dictionary);
+            pm_add_device("SNDIO", devs[k].name, FALSE, (void *) &devs[k],
+              &pm_sndio_out_dictionary);
+            k++;
+        }
+    }
 
     // this is set when we return to Pm_Initialize, but we need it
     // now in order to (successfully) call Pm_CountDevices()
     pm_initialized = TRUE;
-    pm_default_output_device_id = 0;
+    pm_default_input_device_id = 0;
+    pm_default_output_device_id = 1;
 }
 
 void pm_term(void)
 {
+    int i;
+    for(i = 0; i < NDEVS; i++) {
+        if (devs[i].mode != 0) {
+            set_mode(&devs[i], 0);
+            if (devs[i].thread) {
+                pthread_join(devs[i].thread, NULL);
+                devs[i].thread = NULL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 PmDeviceID Pm_GetDefaultInputDeviceID() {
@@ -55,87 +100,240 @@ void pm_free(void *ptr) { free(ptr); }
 /* midi_message_length -- how many bytes in a message? */
 static int midi_message_length(PmMessage message)
 {
-    message &= 0xff;
-    if (message < 0x80) {
+    unsigned char st = message & 0xff;
+    if (st >= 0xf8)
+       return 1;
+    else if (st >= 0xf0)
+        return common_len[st & 7];
+    else if (st >= 0x80)
+        return voice_len[(st >> 4) & 7];
+    else 
         return 0;
-    } else if (message < 0xf0) {
-        static const int length[] = {3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3};
-        return length[(message - 0x80) >> 4];
-    } else {
-        static const int length[] = {
-            -1, 2, 3, 2, 0, 0, 1, -1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1};
-        return length[message - 0xf0];
+}
+
+void* input_thread(void *param)
+{
+    PmInternal *midi = (PmInternal*)param;
+    struct mio_dev *dev = (struct mio_dev *) midi->descriptor;
+    struct pollfd pfd[1];
+    nfds_t nfds;
+    unsigned char st = 0, c = 0;
+    int rc, revents, idx = 0, len = 0;
+    size_t todo = 0;
+    unsigned char buf[0x200], *p;
+    PmEvent pm_ev, pm_ev_rt;
+    unsigned char sysex_data[SYSEX_MAXLEN];
+
+    while(dev->mode & MIO_IN) {
+        if (todo == 0) {
+            nfds = mio_pollfd(dev->hdl, pfd, POLLIN);
+            rc = poll(pfd, nfds, 100);
+            if (rc < 0) {
+                if (errno == EINTR)
+                    continue;
+                break;
+            }
+            revents = mio_revents(dev->hdl, pfd);
+            if (!(revents & POLLIN))
+                continue;
+
+            todo = mio_read(dev->hdl, buf, sizeof(buf));
+            if (todo == 0)
+                continue;
+            p = buf;
+        }
+        c = *p++;
+        todo--;
+
+        if (c >= 0xf8) {
+            pm_ev_rt.message = c;
+            pm_ev_rt.timestamp = Pt_Time();
+            pm_read_short(midi, &pm_ev_rt);
+        } else if (c == SYSEX_END) {
+            if (st == SYSEX_START) {
+                sysex_data[idx++] = c;
+                pm_read_bytes(midi, sysex_data, idx, Pt_Time());
+            }
+            st = 0;
+            idx = 0;
+        } else if (c == SYSEX_START) {
+            st = c;
+            idx = 0;
+            sysex_data[idx++] = c;
+        } else if (c >= 0xf0) {
+            pm_ev.message = c;
+            len = common_len[c & 7];
+            st = c;
+            idx = 1;
+        } else if (c >= 0x80) {
+            pm_ev.message = c;
+            len = voice_len[(c >> 4) & 7];
+            st = c;
+            idx = 1;
+        } else if (st == SYSEX_START) {
+            if (idx == SYSEX_MAXLEN) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "the message is too long\n");
+                idx = st = 0;
+            } else {
+                sysex_data[idx++] = c;
+            }
+        } else if (st) {
+            if (idx == 0 && st != SYSEX_START)
+                pm_ev.message |= (c << (8 * idx++));
+            pm_ev.message |= (c << (8 * idx++));
+            if (idx == len) {
+                pm_read_short(midi, &pm_ev);
+                if (st >= 0xf0)
+                    st = 0;
+                idx = 0;
+            }
+        }
     }
+
+    pthread_exit(NULL);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void set_mode(struct mio_dev *dev, unsigned int mode) {
+    if (dev->mode != 0)
+        mio_close(dev->hdl);
+    dev->mode = 0;
+    if (mode != 0)
+        dev->hdl = mio_open(dev->name, mode, 0);
+    if (dev->hdl)
+        dev->mode = mode;
 }
 
 static PmError sndio_out_open(PmInternal *midi, void *driverInfo)
 {
-    const char *device = descriptors[midi->device_id].pub.name;
-    struct mio_hdl *mio;
+    descriptor_type desc = &descriptors[midi->device_id];
+    struct mio_dev *dev = (struct mio_dev *) desc->descriptor;
 
-    mio = mio_open(device, MIO_OUT, 0);
-    if (!mio) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "mio_open failed\n");
+    if (dev->mode & MIO_OUT)
+        return pmNoError;
+
+    set_mode(dev, dev->mode | MIO_OUT);
+    if (!(dev->mode & MIO_OUT)) {
+        snprintf(dev->errmsg, PM_HOST_ERROR_MSG_LEN,
+          "mio_open (output) failed: %s\n", dev->name);
         return pmHostError;
     }
-    midi->descriptor = mio;
 
+    midi->descriptor = (void *)dev;
+    return pmNoError;
+}
+
+static PmError sndio_in_open(PmInternal *midi, void *driverInfo)
+{
+    descriptor_type desc = &descriptors[midi->device_id];
+    struct mio_dev *dev = (struct mio_dev *) desc->descriptor;
+
+    if (dev->mode & MIO_IN)
+        return pmNoError;
+
+    set_mode(dev, dev->mode | MIO_IN);
+    if (!(dev->mode & MIO_IN)) {
+        snprintf(dev->errmsg, PM_HOST_ERROR_MSG_LEN,
+          "mio_open (input) failed: %s\n", dev->name);
+        return pmHostError;
+    }
+    midi->descriptor = (void *)dev;
+    pthread_attr_t attr;
+    pthread_attr_init(&attr);
+    pthread_create(&dev->thread, &attr, input_thread, ( void* )midi);
     return pmNoError;
 }
+
 static PmError sndio_out_close(PmInternal *midi)
 {
-    mio_close(midi->descriptor);
+    struct mio_dev *dev = (struct mio_dev *) midi->descriptor;
+
+    if (dev->mode & MIO_OUT)
+        set_mode(dev, dev->mode & ~MIO_OUT);
     return pmNoError;
 }
+
+static PmError sndio_in_close(PmInternal *midi)
+{
+    struct mio_dev *dev = (struct mio_dev *) midi->descriptor;
+
+    if (dev->mode & MIO_IN) {
+        set_mode(dev, dev->mode & ~MIO_IN);
+        pthread_join(dev->thread, NULL);
+        dev->thread = NULL;
+    }
+    return pmNoError;
+}
+
 static PmError sndio_abort(PmInternal *midi)
 {
-    mio_close(midi->descriptor);
     return pmNoError;
 }
+
 static PmTimestamp sndio_synchronize(PmInternal *midi)
 {
     return 0;
 }
-static PmError sndio_write_byte(PmInternal *midi, unsigned char byte,
-                        PmTimestamp timestamp)
+
+static PmError do_write(struct mio_dev *dev, const void *addr, size_t nbytes)
 {
-    size_t w = mio_write(midi->descriptor, &byte, 1);
-    if (w != 1) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "mio_write failed\n");
+    size_t w = mio_write(dev->hdl, addr, nbytes);
+
+    if (w != nbytes) {
+        snprintf(dev->errmsg, PM_HOST_ERROR_MSG_LEN, 
+          "mio_write failed, bytes written:%zu\n", w);
         return pmHostError;
     }
     return pmNoError;
 }
+
+static PmError sndio_write_byte(PmInternal *midi, unsigned char byte,
+                        PmTimestamp timestamp)
+{
+    struct mio_dev *dev = (struct mio_dev *) midi->descriptor;
+
+    return do_write(dev, &byte, 1);
+}
+
 static PmError sndio_write_short(PmInternal *midi, PmEvent *event)
 {
-    int bytes = midi_message_length(event->message);
-    PmMessage msg = event->message;
-    int i;
-    for (i = 0; i < bytes; i++) {
-        unsigned char byte = msg;
-        sndio_write_byte(midi, byte, event->timestamp);
-        msg >>= 8;
-    }
+    struct mio_dev *dev = (struct mio_dev *) midi->descriptor;
+    int nbytes = midi_message_length(event->message);
 
+    if (midi->latency > 0) {
+        /* XXX the event should be queued for later playback */
+        return do_write(dev, &event->message, nbytes);
+    } else {
+        return do_write(dev, &event->message, nbytes);
+    }
     return pmNoError;
 }
+
 static PmError sndio_write_flush(PmInternal *midi, PmTimestamp timestamp)
 {
     return pmNoError;
 }
+
 PmError sndio_sysex(PmInternal *midi, PmTimestamp timestamp)
 {
     return pmNoError;
 }
+
 static unsigned int sndio_has_host_error(PmInternal *midi)
 {
-    return 0;
+    struct mio_dev *dev = (struct mio_dev *) midi->descriptor;
+
+    return (dev->errmsg[0] != '\0');
 }
+
 static void sndio_get_host_error(PmInternal *midi, char *msg, unsigned int len)
 {
+    struct mio_dev *dev = (struct mio_dev *) midi->descriptor;
+
+    strlcpy(msg, dev->errmsg, len);
+    dev->errmsg[0] = '\0';
 }
 
-/*
 pm_fns_node pm_sndio_in_dictionary = {
     none_write_short,
     none_sysex,
@@ -147,11 +345,10 @@ pm_fns_node pm_sndio_in_dictionary = {
     sndio_in_open,
     sndio_abort,
     sndio_in_close,
-    sndio_poll,
+    success_poll,
     sndio_has_host_error,
     sndio_get_host_error
 };
-*/
 
 pm_fns_node pm_sndio_out_dictionary = {
     sndio_write_short,

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