On 7/15/2026 6:20 PM, Brian Norris wrote: > Thanks for looking! Lots more output below. Feel free to ask for more > info you tink could help.` > > On Wed, Jul 15, 2026 at 10:06:20AM +0200, Jens Remus wrote: >> On 7/14/2026 2:28 AM, Brian Norris wrote: >>> On Tue, May 19, 2026 at 01:05:23PM +0200, Jens Remus wrote: >> >>> I also work at the same company as Dylan and Mostafa, and am therefore >>> probably using the same company-maintained Linux distribution. >>> >>>> On 5/18/2026 7:55 PM, Dylan Hatch wrote: >>>>> On Fri, May 15, 2026 at 4:32 AM Mostafa Saleh <[email protected]> wrote: >>>>>> Not sure if related, but after updating my toolchain >>>>>> (aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc (Debian 15.2.0-4) 15.2.0), I hit link errors: >>>>>> ld.lld: error: arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgettimeofday.o:(.sframe) is being >>>>>> placed in '.sframe' >>>>>> ld.lld: error: arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.o:(.sframe) is being >>>>>> placed in '.sframe` >> >> My understanding of above message is that the linker complains that the >> input object (e.g. vgettimeofday.o) has an .sframe section for which >> the linker script does not have any rule, so that it defaults to place >> it in .sframe in the output, which could not be the desired result. > > Not sure if it's obvious to you, but I also found a few more details: > > * This is most noticeable with CONFIG_WERROR=y, which turns the linker > warning into an error. > > * It appears both with LD=ld.lld and with the default (bfd linker). bfd > shows: > > /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-ld.bfd: error: unplaced orphan section `.sframe' > from `arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgettimeofday.o' > /usr/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-ld.bfd: error: unplaced orphan section `.sframe' > from `arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.o' > > > Otherwise, I don't have to do much special to hit this. Just > cross-compile ARCH=arm64 defconfig. > >>> I've also been hitting this for some time, and I'd like to see if I can >>> figure out what's going wrong. My current workaround is: >>> >>> --- a/Makefile >>> +++ b/Makefile >>> @@ -946,6 +946,8 @@ ifdef CONFIG_CC_IS_GCC >>> KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,--param=allow-store-data-races=0) >>> KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-fno-allow-store-data-races) >>> endif >>> +# No sframe generation for kernel if enabled by default >>> +KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-Xassembler --gsframe=no) >>> >>> ifdef CONFIG_READABLE_ASM >>> # Disable optimizations that make assembler listings hard to read. >>> >>>>> Previously when developing against the SFrame V2 format, I had fixed >>>>> these warnings with the VDSO Makefile change currently in this series: >>>>> >>>>> diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/Makefile >>>>> b/arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/Makefile >>>>> index 7dec05dd33b7..c60ef921956f 100644 >>>>> --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/Makefile >>>>> +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/Makefile >>>>> @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ ccflags-y += -DDISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING -DBUILD_VDSO >>>>> CC_FLAGS_REMOVE_VDSO := $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE) -Os $(CC_FLAGS_SCS) \ >>>>> $(RANDSTRUCT_CFLAGS) $(KSTACK_ERASE_CFLAGS) \ >>>>> $(GCC_PLUGINS_CFLAGS) \ >>>>> - $(CC_FLAGS_LTO) $(CC_FLAGS_CFI) \ >>>>> + $(CC_FLAGS_LTO) $(CC_FLAGS_CFI) >>>>> $(CC_FLAGS_SFRAME) \ >>>>> -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations >>>>> >>>>> CC_FLAGS_ADD_VDSO := -O2 -mcmodel=tiny -fasynchronous-unwind-tables >>>>> >>>>> But the warnings seem to have returned after upgrading my toolchain, >>>>> possibly due to SFrame V3 or some confounding change in GCC. The >>>>> --gsframe in the assembler should be set to 'no' by default, so >>>>> perhaps GCC is providing an override --gsframe internally? >>>> >>>> Could it be that your build of binutils was configured with >>>> --enable-default-sframe, so that the GNU assembler defaults to generate >>>> .sframe? AFAIK this configure option was meant for distributors and >>>> package maintainers. >>>> >>>> You can check as follows whether --gsframe defaults to "no" or "yes": >>>> >>>> $ as --help | grep -A1 gsframe >>>> --gsframe[={no|yes}] whether to generate SFrame stack trace >>>> information >>>> (default: no) >>>> ... >>> >>> $ aarch64-linux-gnu-as --help | grep -A1 gsframe >>> --gsframe[={no|yes}] whether to generate SFrame stack trace information >>> (default: no) >>> -- >>> --gsframe-<N> generate SFrame version <N> information. 3 == <N> >>> --scfi=experimental Synthesize DWARF CFI for hand-written asm >>> >>>> Maybe build the VDSO separately with V=1 to see what assembler/compiler >>>> options are effectively used (e.g. for vgettimeofday.o and vgetrandom.o >>>> mentioned in the linker error message above)? >>> >>> A slightly tweaked version of my vgetrandom.o build line: >>> >>> # CC arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.o >>> aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wp,-MMD,arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/.vgetrandom.o.d >>> -nostdinc -I./arch/arm64/include -I./arch/arm64/include/generated >>> -I./include -I./include -I./arch/arm64/include/uapi >>> -I./arch/arm64/include/generated/uapi -I./include/uapi >>> -I./include/generated/uapi -include ./include/linux/compiler-version.h >>> -include ./include/linux/kconfig.h -include >>> ./include/linux/compiler_types.h -D__KERNEL__ -mlittle-endian >>> -DCC_USING_PATCHABLE_FUNCTION_ENTRY -DKASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT= -Werror >>> -fshort-wchar -funsigned-char -fno-common -fno-PIE -fno-strict-aliasing >>> -std=gnu11 -fms-extensions -mgeneral-regs-only >>> -DCONFIG_CC_HAS_K_CONSTRAINT=1 -Wno-psabi -mabi=lp64 >>> -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -fno-unwind-tables >>> -mbranch-protection=pac-ret -Wa,-march=armv8.5-a >>> -DARM64_ASM_ARCH='"armv8.5-a"' -DKASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT= >>> -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks -O2 -fno-allow-store-data-races >>> -fstack-protector-strong -fno-omit-frame-pointer >>> -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero >>> -fzero-init-padding-bits=all -fno-stack-clash-protection >>> -fno-inline-functions-called-once -fmin-function-alignment=8 >>> -fstrict-flex-arrays=3 -fno-strict-overflow -fno-stack-check >>> -fconserve-stack -fno-builtin-wcslen -Wall -Wextra -Wundef >>> -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -Werror=implicit-int >>> -Werror=return-type -Werror=strict-prototypes -Wno-format-security >>> -Wno-trigraphs -Wno-frame-address -Wno-address-of-packed-member >>> -Wframe-larger-than=2048 -Wno-main -Wno-type-limits -Wno-dangling-pointer >>> -Wvla-larger-than=1 -Wno-pointer-sign -Wcast-function-type >>> -Wno-unterminated-string-initialization -Wno-array-bounds >>> -Wno-stringop-overflow -Wno-alloc-size-larger-than -Wimplicit-fallthrough=5 >>> -Werror=date-time -Werror=incompatible-pointer-types >>> -Werror=designated-init -Wenum-conversion -Wunused >>> -Wno-unused-but-set-variable -Wno-unused-const-variable >>> -Wno-packed-not-aligned -Wno-format-overflow -Wno-format-truncation >>> -Wno-stringop-truncation -Wno-override-init -Wno-missing-field-initializers >>> -Wno-shift-negative-value -Wno-maybe-uninitialized -Wno-sign-compare >>> -Wno-unused-parameter -g -mstack-protector-guard=sysreg >>> -mstack-protector-guard-reg=sp_el0 -mstack-protector-guard-offset=1344 >>> -fno-common -fno-builtin -fno-stack-protector -ffixed-x18 >>> -DDISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING -DBUILD_VDSO -O2 -mcmodel=tiny >>> -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -include ./lib/vdso/getrandom.c >>> -I./arch/arm64/kernel/vdso -Iarch/arm64/kernel/vdso >>> -DKBUILD_MODFILE='"arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom"' >>> -DKBUILD_BASENAME='"vgetrandom"' -DKBUILD_MODNAME='"vgetrandom"' >>> -D__KBUILD_MODNAME=vgetrandom -c -o arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.o >>> ./arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.c >> >> That command line does not have any --gsframe[-3] (e.g. -Wa,--gsframe). >> I am not aware of any binutils release / repository state where the >> --gsframe default was broken. > > FWIW, I'm usually testing on both v7.1 and approx v7.2-rc3, to make sure > my results are consistent, and it's not already somehow fixed. > >> @Indu: Do you have any idea what could be going on? >> >>> I mostly don't know what I'm looking for w.r.t. gsframe features, but >>> I'm willing to poke at my compiler/assembler/build-process. >> >> Could it be that your gcc injects --gsframe e.g. via its spec file? >> Maybe that would show up if you run above command manually and append >> gcc option -v? > > I've dumped most of the output below. I see that the 'as' invocation > includes --gsframe, but I'm not sure why. > > $ aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -Wp,-MMD,arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/.vgetrandom.o.d > -nostdinc -I./arch/arm64/include -I./arch/arm64/include/generated -I./include > -I./include -I./arch/arm64/include/uapi -I./arch/arm64/include/generated/uapi > -I./include/uapi -I./include/generated/uapi -include > ./include/linux/compiler-version.h -include ./include/linux/kconfig.h > -include ./include/linux/compiler_types.h -D__KERNEL__ -mlittle-endian > -DKASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT= -Werror -fshort-wchar -funsigned-char -fno-common > -fno-PIE -fno-strict-aliasing -std=gnu11 -fms-extensions -mgeneral-regs-only > -DCONFIG_CC_HAS_K_CONSTRAINT=1 -Wno-psabi -mabi=lp64 > -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -fno-unwind-tables > -mbranch-protection=pac-ret -Wa,-march=armv8.5-a > -DARM64_ASM_ARCH='"armv8.5-a"' -DKASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT= > -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks -O2 -fno-allow-store-data-races > -fstack-protector-strong -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls > -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero -fzero-init-padding-bits=all > -fno-stack-clash-protection -fmin-function-alignment=4 -fstrict-flex-arrays=3 > -fno-strict-overflow -fno-stack-check -fconserve-stack -fno-builtin-wcslen > -Wall -Wextra -Wundef -Werror=implicit-function-declaration > -Werror=implicit-int -Werror=return-type -Werror=strict-prototypes > -Wno-format-security -Wno-trigraphs -Wno-frame-address > -Wno-address-of-packed-member -Wframe-larger-than=2048 -Wno-main > -Wno-type-limits -Wno-dangling-pointer -Wvla-larger-than=1 -Wno-pointer-sign > -Wcast-function-type -Wno-unterminated-string-initialization > -Wno-array-bounds -Wno-stringop-overflow -Wno-alloc-size-larger-than > -Wimplicit-fallthrough=5 -Werror=date-time -Werror=incompatible-pointer-types > -Werror=designated-init -Wenum-conversion -Wunused > -Wno-unused-but-set-variable -Wno-unused-const-variable > -Wno-packed-not-aligned -Wno-format-overflow -Wno-format-truncation > -Wno-stringop-truncation -Wno-override-init -Wno-missing-field-initializers > -Wno-shift-negative-value -Wno-maybe-uninitialized -Wno-sign-compare > -Wno-unused-parameter -g -fno-var-tracking -femit-struct-debug-baseonly > -mstack-protector-guard=sysreg -mstack-protector-guard-reg=sp_el0 > -mstack-protector-guard-offset=1344 -fno-common -fno-builtin > -fno-stack-protector -ffixed-x18 -DDISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING -DBUILD_VDSO -O2 > -mcmodel=tiny -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -include > $LINUX/lib/vdso/getrandom.c > -DKBUILD_MODFILE='"arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom"' > -DKBUILD_BASENAME='"vgetrandom"' -DKBUILD_MODNAME='"vgetrandom"' > -D__KBUILD_MODNAME=vgetrandom -c -o arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.o > arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.c -v > Using built-in specs. > COLLECT_AS_OPTIONS='-march=armv8.5-a' > COLLECT_GCC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc > Target: aarch64-linux-gnu > Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Debian 15.2.0-4' > --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-15/README.Bugs > --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,m2,cobol,algol68 > --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-15 > --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/libexec > --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib > --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug > --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new > --enable-libstdcxx-backtrace --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-libquadmath > --disable-libquadmath-support --enable-plugin --enable-default-pie > --with-system-zlib --enable-libphobos-checking=release > --without-target-system-zlib --enable-multiarch > --enable-fix-cortex-a53-843419 --disable-werror --enable-checking=release > --build=x86_64-linux-gnu --host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=aarch64-linux-gnu > --program-prefix=aarch64-linux-gnu- > --includedir=/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/include > --with-build-config=bootstrap-lto-lean --enable-link-serialization=32 > Thread model: posix > Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib zstd > gcc version 15.2.0 (Debian 15.2.0-4) > COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-nostdinc' '-I' './arch/arm64/include' '-I' > './arch/arm64/include/generated' '-I' './include' '-I' './include' '-I' > './arch/arm64/include/uapi' '-I' './arch/arm64/include/generated/uapi' '-I' > './include/uapi' '-I' './include/generated/uapi' '-include' > './include/linux/compiler-version.h' '-include' './include/linux/kconfig.h' > '-include' './include/linux/compiler_types.h' '-D' '__KERNEL__' > '-mlittle-endian' '-D' 'KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT=' '-Werror' '-fshort-wchar' > '-funsigned-char' '-fno-PIE' '-fno-strict-aliasing' '-std=gnu11' > '-fms-extensions' '-mgeneral-regs-only' '-D' 'CONFIG_CC_HAS_K_CONSTRAINT=1' > '-Wno-psabi' '-mabi=lp64' '-fno-unwind-tables' '-mbranch-protection=pac-ret' > '-D' 'ARM64_ASM_ARCH="armv8.5-a"' '-D' 'KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT=' > '-fno-delete-null-pointer-checks' '-O2' '-fno-allow-store-data-races' > '-fstack-protector-strong' '-fno-omit-frame-pointer' > '-fno-optimize-sibling-calls' '-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero' > '-fzero-init-padding-bits=all' '-fno-stack-clash-protection' > '-fmin-function-alignment=4' '-fstrict-flex-arrays=3' '-fno-strict-overflow' > '-fstack-check=no' '-fconserve-stack' '-fno-builtin-wcslen' '-Wall' '-Wextra' > '-Wundef' '-Werror=implicit-function-declaration' '-Werror=implicit-int' > '-Werror=return-type' '-Werror=strict-prototypes' '-Wno-format-security' > '-Wno-trigraphs' '-Wno-frame-address' '-Wno-address-of-packed-member' > '-Wframe-larger-than=2048' '-Wno-main' '-Wno-type-limits' > '-Wdangling-pointer=0' '-Wvla-larger-than=1' '-Wno-pointer-sign' > '-Wcast-function-type' '-Wno-unterminated-string-initialization' > '-Warray-bounds=0' '-Wstringop-overflow=0' '-Walloc-size-larger-than=$XXX' > '-Wimplicit-fallthrough=5' '-Werror=date-time' > '-Werror=incompatible-pointer-types' '-Werror=designated-init' > '-Wenum-conversion' '-Wunused' '-Wno-unused-but-set-variable' > '-Wunused-const-variable=0' '-Wno-packed-not-aligned' '-Wformat-overflow=0' > '-Wformat-truncation=0' '-Wno-stringop-truncation' '-Wno-override-init' > '-Wno-missing-field-initializers' '-Wno-shift-negative-value' > '-Wno-maybe-uninitialized' '-Wno-sign-compare' '-Wno-unused-parameter' '-g' > '-fno-var-tracking' '-femit-struct-debug-baseonly' > '-mstack-protector-guard=sysreg' '-mstack-protector-guard-reg=sp_el0' > '-mstack-protector-guard-offset=1344' '-fno-common' '-fno-builtin' > '-fno-stack-protector' '-ffixed-x18' '-D' 'DISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING' '-D' > 'BUILD_VDSO' '-O2' '-mcmodel=tiny' '-fasynchronous-unwind-tables' '-include' > '$LINUX/lib/vdso/getrandom.c' '-D' > 'KBUILD_MODFILE="arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom"' '-D' > 'KBUILD_BASENAME="vgetrandom"' '-D' 'KBUILD_MODNAME="vgetrandom"' '-D' > '__KBUILD_MODNAME=vgetrandom' '-c' '-o' 'arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.o' > '-v' '-dumpdir' 'arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/' > /usr/libexec/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/15/cc1 -quiet -nostdinc -v -I > ./arch/arm64/include -I ./arch/arm64/include/generated -I ./include -I > ./include -I ./arch/arm64/include/uapi -I ./arch/arm64/include/generated/uapi > -I ./include/uapi -I ./include/generated/uapi -imultiarch aarch64-linux-gnu > -D __KERNEL__ -D KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT= -D CONFIG_CC_HAS_K_CONSTRAINT=1 -D > ARM64_ASM_ARCH="armv8.5-a" -D KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT= -D > DISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING -D BUILD_VDSO -D > KBUILD_MODFILE="arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom" -D > KBUILD_BASENAME="vgetrandom" -D KBUILD_MODNAME="vgetrandom" -D > __KBUILD_MODNAME=vgetrandom -include ./include/linux/compiler-version.h > -include ./include/linux/kconfig.h -include ./include/linux/compiler_types.h > -include /usr/local/google/home/briannorris/git/linux/lib/vdso/getrandom.c > -MMD arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/.vgetrandom.o.d > arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.c -quiet -dumpdir arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/ > -dumpbase vgetrandom.c -dumpbase-ext .c -mlittle-endian -mgeneral-regs-only > -mabi=lp64 -mbranch-protection=pac-ret -mstack-protector-guard=sysreg > -mstack-protector-guard-reg=sp_el0 -mstack-protector-guard-offset=1344 > -mcmodel=tiny -g -O2 -O2 -Werror -Wno-psabi -Wall -Wextra -Wundef > -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -Werror=implicit-int > -Werror=return-type -Werror=strict-prototypes -Wno-format-security > -Wno-trigraphs -Wno-frame-address -Wno-address-of-packed-member > -Wframe-larger-than=2048 -Wno-main -Wno-type-limits -Wdangling-pointer=0 > -Wvla-larger-than=1 -Wno-pointer-sign -Wcast-function-type > -Wno-unterminated-string-initialization -Warray-bounds=0 > -Wstringop-overflow=0 -Walloc-size-larger-than=18446744073709551615EiB > -Wimplicit-fallthrough=5 -Werror=date-time -Werror=incompatible-pointer-types > -Werror=designated-init -Wenum-conversion -Wunused > -Wno-unused-but-set-variable -Wunused-const-variable=0 > -Wno-packed-not-aligned -Wformat-overflow=0 -Wformat-truncation=0 > -Wno-stringop-truncation -Wno-override-init -Wno-missing-field-initializers > -Wno-shift-negative-value -Wno-maybe-uninitialized -Wno-sign-compare > -Wno-unused-parameter -std=gnu11 -version -fshort-wchar -funsigned-char > -fno-PIE -fno-strict-aliasing -fms-extensions -fno-unwind-tables > -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks -fno-allow-store-data-races > -fstack-protector-strong -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-optimize-sibling-calls > -ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero -fzero-init-padding-bits=all > -fno-stack-clash-protection -fmin-function-alignment=4 -fstrict-flex-arrays=3 > -fno-strict-overflow -fstack-check=no -fconserve-stack -fno-builtin-wcslen > -fno-var-tracking -femit-struct-debug-baseonly -fno-common -fno-builtin > -fno-stack-protector -ffixed-x18 -fasynchronous-unwind-tables > -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -o /tmp/cc6nO0fY.s > GNU C11 (Debian 15.2.0-4) version 15.2.0 (aarch64-linux-gnu) > compiled by GNU C version 15.2.0, GMP version 6.3.0, MPFR version > 4.2.2, MPC version 1.3.1, isl version isl-0.27-GMP > > GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072 > ignoring duplicate directory "./include" > #include "..." search starts here: > #include <...> search starts here: > ./arch/arm64/include > ./arch/arm64/include/generated > ./include > ./arch/arm64/include/uapi > ./arch/arm64/include/generated/uapi > ./include/uapi > ./include/generated/uapi > End of search list. > Compiler executable checksum: 2014541e26adcb350b182f07eff54ec5 > COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-nostdinc' '-I' './arch/arm64/include' '-I' > './arch/arm64/include/generated' '-I' './include' '-I' './include' '-I' > './arch/arm64/include/uapi' '-I' './arch/arm64/include/generated/uapi' '-I' > './include/uapi' '-I' './include/generated/uapi' '-include' > './include/linux/compiler-version.h' '-include' './include/linux/kconfig.h' > '-include' './include/linux/compiler_types.h' '-D' '__KERNEL__' > '-mlittle-endian' '-D' 'KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT=' '-Werror' '-fshort-wchar' > '-funsigned-char' '-fno-PIE' '-fno-strict-aliasing' '-std=gnu11' > '-fms-extensions' '-mgeneral-regs-only' '-D' 'CONFIG_CC_HAS_K_CONSTRAINT=1' > '-Wno-psabi' '-mabi=lp64' '-fno-unwind-tables' '-mbranch-protection=pac-ret' > '-D' 'ARM64_ASM_ARCH="armv8.5-a"' '-D' 'KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT=' > '-fno-delete-null-pointer-checks' '-O2' '-fno-allow-store-data-races' > '-fstack-protector-strong' '-fno-omit-frame-pointer' > '-fno-optimize-sibling-calls' '-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero' > '-fzero-init-padding-bits=all' '-fno-stack-clash-protection' > '-fmin-function-alignment=4' '-fstrict-flex-arrays=3' '-fno-strict-overflow' > '-fstack-check=no' '-fconserve-stack' '-fno-builtin-wcslen' '-Wall' '-Wextra' > '-Wundef' '-Werror=implicit-function-declaration' '-Werror=implicit-int' > '-Werror=return-type' '-Werror=strict-prototypes' '-Wno-format-security' > '-Wno-trigraphs' '-Wno-frame-address' '-Wno-address-of-packed-member' > '-Wframe-larger-than=2048' '-Wno-main' '-Wno-type-limits' > '-Wdangling-pointer=0' '-Wvla-larger-than=1' '-Wno-pointer-sign' > '-Wcast-function-type' '-Wno-unterminated-string-initialization' > '-Warray-bounds=0' '-Wstringop-overflow=0' '-Walloc-size-larger-than=$XXX' > '-Wimplicit-fallthrough=5' '-Werror=date-time' > '-Werror=incompatible-pointer-types' '-Werror=designated-init' > '-Wenum-conversion' '-Wunused' '-Wno-unused-but-set-variable' > '-Wunused-const-variable=0' '-Wno-packed-not-aligned' '-Wformat-overflow=0' > '-Wformat-truncation=0' '-Wno-stringop-truncation' '-Wno-override-init' > '-Wno-missing-field-initializers' '-Wno-shift-negative-value' > '-Wno-maybe-uninitialized' '-Wno-sign-compare' '-Wno-unused-parameter' '-g' > '-fno-var-tracking' '-femit-struct-debug-baseonly' > '-mstack-protector-guard=sysreg' '-mstack-protector-guard-reg=sp_el0' > '-mstack-protector-guard-offset=1344' '-fno-common' '-fno-builtin' > '-fno-stack-protector' '-ffixed-x18' '-D' 'DISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING' '-D' > 'BUILD_VDSO' '-O2' '-mcmodel=tiny' '-fasynchronous-unwind-tables' '-include' > '/usr/local/google/home/briannorris/git/linux/lib/vdso/getrandom.c' '-D' > 'KBUILD_MODFILE="arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom"' '-D' > 'KBUILD_BASENAME="vgetrandom"' '-D' 'KBUILD_MODNAME="vgetrandom"' '-D' > '__KBUILD_MODNAME=vgetrandom' '-c' '-o' 'arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.o' > '-v' '-dumpdir' 'arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/' > /usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/15/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/as > -v -I ./arch/arm64/include -I ./arch/arm64/include/generated -I ./include -I > ./include -I ./arch/arm64/include/uapi -I ./arch/arm64/include/generated/uapi > -I ./include/uapi -I ./include/generated/uapi --gsframe --gdwarf-5 -EL > -mabi=lp64 -march=armv8.5-a -o arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.o > /tmp/cc6nO0fY.s > GNU assembler version 2.46.50 (aarch64-linux-gnu) using BFD version (GNU > Binutils for Debian) 2.46.50.20260617 > COMPILER_PATH=/usr/libexec/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/15/:/usr/libexec/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/15/:/usr/libexec/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/15/:/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/15/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/ > LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/15/:/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/15/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/../lib/:/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/:/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/gcc-cross/aarch64-linux-gnu/15/../../../../aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/:/lib/:/usr/lib/ > COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-nostdinc' '-I' './arch/arm64/include' '-I' > './arch/arm64/include/generated' '-I' './include' '-I' './include' '-I' > './arch/arm64/include/uapi' '-I' './arch/arm64/include/generated/uapi' '-I' > './include/uapi' '-I' './include/generated/uapi' '-include' > './include/linux/compiler-version.h' '-include' './include/linux/kconfig.h' > '-include' './include/linux/compiler_types.h' '-D' '__KERNEL__' > '-mlittle-endian' '-D' 'KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT=' '-Werror' '-fshort-wchar' > '-funsigned-char' '-fno-PIE' '-fno-strict-aliasing' '-std=gnu11' > '-fms-extensions' '-mgeneral-regs-only' '-D' 'CONFIG_CC_HAS_K_CONSTRAINT=1' > '-Wno-psabi' '-mabi=lp64' '-fno-unwind-tables' '-mbranch-protection=pac-ret' > '-D' 'ARM64_ASM_ARCH="armv8.5-a"' '-D' 'KASAN_SHADOW_SCALE_SHIFT=' > '-fno-delete-null-pointer-checks' '-O2' '-fno-allow-store-data-races' > '-fstack-protector-strong' '-fno-omit-frame-pointer' > '-fno-optimize-sibling-calls' '-ftrivial-auto-var-init=zero' > '-fzero-init-padding-bits=all' '-fno-stack-clash-protection' > '-fmin-function-alignment=4' '-fstrict-flex-arrays=3' '-fno-strict-overflow' > '-fstack-check=no' '-fconserve-stack' '-fno-builtin-wcslen' '-Wall' '-Wextra' > '-Wundef' '-Werror=implicit-function-declaration' '-Werror=implicit-int' > '-Werror=return-type' '-Werror=strict-prototypes' '-Wno-format-security' > '-Wno-trigraphs' '-Wno-frame-address' '-Wno-address-of-packed-member' > '-Wframe-larger-than=2048' '-Wno-main' '-Wno-type-limits' > '-Wdangling-pointer=0' '-Wvla-larger-than=1' '-Wno-pointer-sign' > '-Wcast-function-type' '-Wno-unterminated-string-initialization' > '-Warray-bounds=0' '-Wstringop-overflow=0' '-Walloc-size-larger-than=$XXX' > '-Wimplicit-fallthrough=5' '-Werror=date-time' > '-Werror=incompatible-pointer-types' '-Werror=designated-init' > '-Wenum-conversion' '-Wunused' '-Wno-unused-but-set-variable' > '-Wunused-const-variable=0' '-Wno-packed-not-aligned' '-Wformat-overflow=0' > '-Wformat-truncation=0' '-Wno-stringop-truncation' '-Wno-override-init' > '-Wno-missing-field-initializers' '-Wno-shift-negative-value' > '-Wno-maybe-uninitialized' '-Wno-sign-compare' '-Wno-unused-parameter' '-g' > '-fno-var-tracking' '-femit-struct-debug-baseonly' > '-mstack-protector-guard=sysreg' '-mstack-protector-guard-reg=sp_el0' > '-mstack-protector-guard-offset=1344' '-fno-common' '-fno-builtin' > '-fno-stack-protector' '-ffixed-x18' '-D' 'DISABLE_BRANCH_PROFILING' '-D' > 'BUILD_VDSO' '-O2' '-mcmodel=tiny' '-fasynchronous-unwind-tables' '-include' > '/usr/local/google/home/briannorris/git/linux/lib/vdso/getrandom.c' '-D' > 'KBUILD_MODFILE="arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom"' '-D' > 'KBUILD_BASENAME="vgetrandom"' '-D' 'KBUILD_MODNAME="vgetrandom"' '-D' > '__KBUILD_MODNAME=vgetrandom' '-c' '-o' 'arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.o' > '-v' '-dumpdir' 'arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.'
This proves thet assembler option --gsframe did not originate from the kernel Makefile, but was supplied by GCC for the assembly step. I guess it gets injected by some GCC .specs file. Please review the output of: for "sframe": $ aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -dumpspecs >> Does the intermediate source or assembler source have any >> ".cfi_section .sframe" statement? >> >> $ make arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.i > > This fails to build with WERROR, because it seems to require the linker > step that fails, so I have to disable WERROR. Afterward: > > $ grep -i sframe arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.i > // (empty) > >> $ make arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.s > > This fails to build. > > $ make CROSS_COMPILE='ccache aarch64-linux-gnu-' ARCH=arm64 -j80 > arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.s > CC arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.s > arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.c:5:8: error: ‘__cvdso_getrandom’ > undeclared here (not in a function) > 5 | typeof(__cvdso_getrandom) __kernel_getrandom; > | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ > arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.c:7:1: error: unknown type name ‘ssize_t’ > 7 | ssize_t __kernel_getrandom(void *buffer, size_t len, unsigned int > flags, void *opaque_state, size_t opaque_len) > | ^~~~~~~ > arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.c:7:42: error: unknown type name ‘size_t’ > 7 | ssize_t __kernel_getrandom(void *buffer, size_t len, unsigned int > flags, void *opaque_state, size_t opaque_len) > | ^~~~~~ > arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.c:4:1: note: ‘size_t’ is defined in header > ‘<stddef.h>’; this is probably fixable by adding ‘#include <stddef.h>’ > 3 | #include <uapi/asm-generic/errno.h> > +++ |+#include <stddef.h> > 4 | > arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.c:7:94: error: unknown type name ‘size_t’ > 7 | ssize_t __kernel_getrandom(void *buffer, size_t len, unsigned int > flags, void *opaque_state, size_t opaque_len) > | > ^~~~~~ > arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.c:7:94: note: ‘size_t’ is defined in header > ‘<stddef.h>’; this is probably fixable by adding ‘#include <stddef.h>’ > make[4]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:184: > arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.s] Error 1 > make[3]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:549: arch/arm64/kernel] Error 2 > make[2]: *** [scripts/Makefile.build:549: arch/arm64] Error 2 No idea. >> Can you please verify that your arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.o >> actually contains an .sframe section: >> >> $ readelf -WS arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.o > > $ readelf -WS arch/arm64/kernel/vdso/vgetrandom.o | grep -i sframe > [22] .sframe GNU_SFRAME 0000000000000000 002438 000083 00 > A 0 0 8 > [23] .rela.sframe RELA 0000000000000000 003988 000018 18 > I 24 22 8 This proves that there is an .sframe section, which is expected given that GCC specified --gsframe during assembly. Regards, Jens -- Jens Remus Linux on Z Development (D3303) [email protected] / [email protected] IBM Deutschland Research & Development GmbH; Vorsitzender des Aufsichtsrats: Wolfgang Wendt; Geschäftsführung: David Faller; Sitz der Gesellschaft: Ehningen; Registergericht: Amtsgericht Stuttgart, HRB 243294 IBM Data Privacy Statement: https://www.ibm.com/privacy/
