smjn commented on code in PR #17149:
URL: https://github.com/apache/kafka/pull/17149#discussion_r1779349102


##########
share-coordinator/src/main/java/org/apache/kafka/coordinator/share/PersisterStateBatchCombiner.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.kafka.coordinator.share;
+
+import org.apache.kafka.server.share.PersisterStateBatch;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.TreeSet;
+
+public class PersisterStateBatchCombiner {
+    private List<PersisterStateBatch> combinedBatchList;    // link between 
pruning and merging
+    private final long startOffset;
+    private TreeSet<PersisterStateBatch> sortedBatches;
+    private List<PersisterStateBatch> finalBatchList;   // final list is built 
here
+
+    public PersisterStateBatchCombiner(
+        List<PersisterStateBatch> batchesSoFar,
+        List<PersisterStateBatch> newBatches,
+        long startOffset
+    ) {
+        initializeCombinedList(batchesSoFar, newBatches);
+        finalBatchList = new ArrayList<>(combinedBatchList.size() * 2);   // 
heuristic size
+        this.startOffset = startOffset;
+    }
+
+    private void initializeCombinedList(List<PersisterStateBatch> 
batchesSoFar, List<PersisterStateBatch> newBatches) {
+        boolean soFarEmpty = batchesSoFar == null || batchesSoFar.isEmpty();
+        boolean newBatchesEmpty = newBatches == null || newBatches.isEmpty();
+
+        if (soFarEmpty && newBatchesEmpty) {
+            combinedBatchList = new ArrayList<>();
+        } else if (soFarEmpty) {
+            combinedBatchList = newBatches;
+        } else if (newBatchesEmpty) {
+            combinedBatchList = batchesSoFar;
+        } else {
+            combinedBatchList = new ArrayList<>(batchesSoFar.size() + 
newBatches.size());
+            combinedBatchList.addAll(batchesSoFar);
+            combinedBatchList.addAll(newBatches);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Algorithm: Merge current state batches and new batches into a single 
non-overlapping batch list.
+     * Input: batchesSoFar, newBatches, startOffset
+     * Output: combined list with non-overlapping batches (finalBatchList)
+     * <p>
+     * - Add both currentBatches and newBatches into a single list 
combinedBatchList
+     * - Remove/prune any batches from the combinedBatchList:
+     * -    if batch.lastOffset < startOffset then remove batch from 
combinedBatchList
+     * -    else if batch.firstOffset > startOffset then we will keep the batch
+     * -    else if batch.firstOffset <= startOffset <= batch.lastOffset then 
keep [startOffset, batch.lastOffset] part only and discard rest.
+     * - create a treeset sortedBatches using pruned combinedBatchList
+     * - do repeat until all batches in sortedSet are non-overlapping:
+     * -    find first 2 overlapping batches in sortedBatches set, say, prev 
and candidate.
+     * -    remove any non-overlapping batches from sortedBatches encountered 
during the find operation and add them to a finalBatchList
+     * -    based on various conditions of offset overlap and batch state 
differences combine the batches or
+     *      create new batches, if required, and add to the sortedSet.
+     * - done
+     * - return the finalBatchList
+     *
+     * @return list of {@link PersisterStateBatch} representing 
non-overlapping combined batches
+     */
+    public List<PersisterStateBatch> combineStateBatches() {
+        pruneBatches();
+        mergeBatches();
+        return finalBatchList;
+    }
+
+    private void mergeBatches() {
+        if (combinedBatchList.size() < 2) {
+            finalBatchList = combinedBatchList;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        sortedBatches = new TreeSet<>(combinedBatchList);

Review Comment:
   This was done here as the treeset might not be needed at all if intervals 
are less than 2, hence a small optimization.



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