gnodet commented on code in PR #11029:
URL: https://github.com/apache/maven/pull/11029#discussion_r3502303832


##########
api/maven-api-classworlds/src/main/java/org/apache/maven/api/classworlds/ClassRealm.java:
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@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.maven.api.classworlds;
+
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.net.URL;
+
+import org.apache.maven.api.annotations.Experimental;
+import org.apache.maven.api.annotations.Nonnull;
+import org.apache.maven.api.annotations.Nullable;
+
+/**
+ * A class loading realm that provides isolated class loading with controlled 
imports and exports.
+ * <p>
+ * A ClassRealm represents an isolated class loading environment with its own 
classpath

Review Comment:
   Yes! This is precisely the approach we just implemented for modular plugins 
in this PR — see \`DefaultClassRealmManager.createModularPluginRealm()\`. The 
code is almost identical to your sketch:
   
   ```java
   ModuleFinder finder = ModuleFinder.of(modulePaths.toArray(new Path[0]));
   Set<String> moduleNames = finder.findAll().stream()
           .map(ref -> ref.descriptor().name())
           .collect(Collectors.toSet());
   
   ModuleLayer parentLayer =
           implWorld.getModuleLayer() != null ? implWorld.getModuleLayer() : 
ModuleLayer.boot();
   
   Configuration cfg = 
parentLayer.configuration().resolveAndBind(ModuleFinder.of(), finder, 
moduleNames);
   
   ModuleLayer.Controller controller =
           ModuleLayer.defineModulesWithOneLoader(cfg, List.of(parentLayer), 
parent);
   ```
   
   A few design decisions worth noting:
   
   - **Opt-in via plugin descriptor**: Plugin authors declare 
`<modular>true</modular>` in their `plugin.xml`. This is a hard contract — if 
the module graph can't be resolved (split packages, missing 
`module-info.class`, etc.), the build fails with 
`ModuleLayerCreationException`. No fallback to classpath loading.
   
   - **Flat layer hierarchy**: All plugin layers are siblings under the same 
parent layer (the runtime layer from `ClassWorld` if available, or the boot 
layer). No nesting.
   
   - **DI instead of ServiceLoader**: Rather than `ServiceLoader.load(layer, 
MyService.class)`, we use Maven's `maven-di` `Injector.discover()` with the 
layer's classloader. This integrates modular plugins into Maven's existing 
injection infrastructure. No Plexus/Sisu for modular plugins.
   
   - **Per-realm storage**: The `ModuleLayer` and `Controller` are stored on 
the `ClassRealm`, not on `ClassWorld` — each plugin gets its own isolated 
layer/loader, and the layer's classloader is closed when the realm is disposed.
   
   So yes, dynamic module layers work well for this. Thanks for the suggestion 
— it validated the direction we were already heading.



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