kaivalnp commented on code in PR #14178:
URL: https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/14178#discussion_r1935099798


##########
lucene/sandbox/src/java22/org/apache/lucene/sandbox/codecs/faiss/FaissKnnVectorsWriter.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.lucene.sandbox.codecs.faiss;
+
+import static 
org.apache.lucene.sandbox.codecs.faiss.FaissKnnVectorsFormat.DATA_CODEC_NAME;
+import static 
org.apache.lucene.sandbox.codecs.faiss.FaissKnnVectorsFormat.DATA_EXTENSION;
+import static 
org.apache.lucene.sandbox.codecs.faiss.FaissKnnVectorsFormat.META_CODEC_NAME;
+import static 
org.apache.lucene.sandbox.codecs.faiss.FaissKnnVectorsFormat.META_EXTENSION;
+import static 
org.apache.lucene.sandbox.codecs.faiss.FaissKnnVectorsFormat.NAME;
+import static 
org.apache.lucene.sandbox.codecs.faiss.FaissKnnVectorsFormat.VERSION_CURRENT;
+import static org.apache.lucene.sandbox.codecs.faiss.LibFaissC.createIndex;
+import static org.apache.lucene.sandbox.codecs.faiss.LibFaissC.indexWrite;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.lang.foreign.Arena;
+import java.lang.foreign.MemorySegment;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
+import org.apache.lucene.codecs.BufferingKnnVectorsWriter;
+import org.apache.lucene.codecs.CodecUtil;
+import org.apache.lucene.codecs.KnnFieldVectorsWriter;
+import org.apache.lucene.codecs.KnnVectorsWriter;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.ByteVectorValues;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.FieldInfo;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.FloatVectorValues;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexFileNames;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.MergeState;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.SegmentWriteState;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.Sorter;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.VectorSimilarityFunction;
+import org.apache.lucene.store.IndexOutput;
+import org.apache.lucene.store.InputStreamDataInput;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.IOUtils;
+
+public final class FaissKnnVectorsWriter extends BufferingKnnVectorsWriter {
+  private final String description, indexParams;
+  private final KnnVectorsWriter rawVectorsWriter;
+  private final IndexOutput meta, data;
+  private boolean finished;
+
+  public FaissKnnVectorsWriter(
+      String description,
+      String indexParams,
+      SegmentWriteState state,
+      KnnVectorsWriter rawVectorsWriter)
+      throws IOException {
+    this.description = description;
+    this.indexParams = indexParams;
+    this.rawVectorsWriter = rawVectorsWriter;
+    this.finished = false;
+
+    boolean failure = true;
+    try {
+      this.meta = openOutput(state, META_EXTENSION, META_CODEC_NAME);
+      this.data = openOutput(state, DATA_EXTENSION, DATA_CODEC_NAME);
+      failure = false;
+    } finally {
+      if (failure) {
+        IOUtils.closeWhileHandlingException(this);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private IndexOutput openOutput(SegmentWriteState state, String extension, 
String codecName)
+      throws IOException {
+    String fileName =
+        IndexFileNames.segmentFileName(state.segmentInfo.name, 
state.segmentSuffix, extension);
+    IndexOutput output = state.directory.createOutput(fileName, state.context);
+    CodecUtil.writeIndexHeader(
+        output, codecName, VERSION_CURRENT, state.segmentInfo.getId(), 
state.segmentSuffix);
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+  public KnnFieldVectorsWriter<?> addField(FieldInfo fieldInfo) throws 
IOException {
+    return switch (fieldInfo.getVectorEncoding()) {
+      case BYTE -> throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Byte vectors not 
supported");
+      case FLOAT32 ->
+          new KnnFieldVectorsWriter<float[]>() {
+            private final KnnFieldVectorsWriter<float[]> rawWriter =
+                (KnnFieldVectorsWriter<float[]>) 
rawVectorsWriter.addField(fieldInfo);
+            private final KnnFieldVectorsWriter<float[]> writer =
+                (KnnFieldVectorsWriter<float[]>) 
FaissKnnVectorsWriter.super.addField(fieldInfo);
+
+            @Override
+            public long ramBytesUsed() {
+              return rawWriter.ramBytesUsed() + writer.ramBytesUsed();
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void addValue(int i, float[] floats) throws IOException {
+              rawWriter.addValue(i, floats);
+              writer.addValue(i, floats);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public float[] copyValue(float[] floats) {
+              return floats.clone();
+            }
+          };
+    };
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void mergeOneField(FieldInfo fieldInfo, MergeState mergeState) throws 
IOException {
+    rawVectorsWriter.mergeOneField(fieldInfo, mergeState);
+    super.mergeOneField(fieldInfo, mergeState);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected void writeField(FieldInfo fieldInfo, FloatVectorValues 
floatVectorValues, int maxDoc)
+      throws IOException {
+    int number = fieldInfo.number;
+    meta.writeInt(number);
+
+    VectorSimilarityFunction function = 
fieldInfo.getVectorSimilarityFunction();
+    int size = floatVectorValues.size();
+
+    // TODO: Non FS-based approach?
+    Path tempFile = Files.createTempFile(NAME, fieldInfo.name);

Review Comment:
   +1, I'd like to avoid the FS based reading / writing too..
   
   I saw 
[these](https://github.com/facebookresearch/faiss/blob/7856053cdfb7383933a4a691f5c3cf82ebc65d72/faiss/impl/io.h#L27-L51)
 reader and writer structs, where we could pass the `IndexInput::readBytes` and 
`IndexOutput::writeBytes` as function stubs for the C process to call
   
   My concern is that (1) it may make indexing more expensive than the C 
process doing all IO internally, (2) the C API [does not provide 
methods](https://github.com/facebookresearch/faiss/blob/main/c_api/index_io_c.h)
 to create and pass these around, so I'm not sure if we can make these structs 
purely from native C or CPP functions (would strongly like to avoid glue code 
to wrap these) -- but I'll try to dig deeper



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