jtibshirani commented on code in PR #951:
URL: https://github.com/apache/lucene/pull/951#discussion_r896012687


##########
lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/search/KnnVectorQuery.java:
##########
@@ -92,20 +91,40 @@ public KnnVectorQuery(String field, float[] target, int k, 
Query filter) {
   public Query rewrite(IndexReader reader) throws IOException {
     TopDocs[] perLeafResults = new TopDocs[reader.leaves().size()];
 
-    BitSetCollector filterCollector = null;
+    Weight filterWeight = null;
     if (filter != null) {
-      filterCollector = new BitSetCollector(reader.leaves().size());
       IndexSearcher indexSearcher = new IndexSearcher(reader);
       BooleanQuery booleanQuery =
           new BooleanQuery.Builder()
               .add(filter, BooleanClause.Occur.FILTER)
               .add(new FieldExistsQuery(field), BooleanClause.Occur.FILTER)
               .build();
-      indexSearcher.search(booleanQuery, filterCollector);
+      Query rewritten = indexSearcher.rewrite(booleanQuery);
+      filterWeight = indexSearcher.createWeight(rewritten, 
ScoreMode.COMPLETE_NO_SCORES, 1f);
     }
 
     for (LeafReaderContext ctx : reader.leaves()) {
-      TopDocs results = searchLeaf(ctx, filterCollector);
+      Bits acceptDocs;
+      int cost;
+      if (filterWeight != null) {
+        Scorer scorer = filterWeight.scorer(ctx);
+        if (scorer != null) {
+          DocIdSetIterator iterator = scorer.iterator();
+          if (iterator instanceof BitSetIterator) {
+            acceptDocs = ((BitSetIterator) iterator).getBitSet();
+          } else {
+            acceptDocs = BitSet.of(iterator, ctx.reader().maxDoc());
+          }
+          cost = (int) iterator.cost();

Review Comment:
   This changes the meaning of `cost` (which is directly used as 
`visitedLimit`). Before we were using the exact number of matches, whereas now 
we ask the iterator for a cost estimation. These cost estimates are sometimes 
very imprecise, and I worry it could make the query performance unpredictable 
and harder to understand.
   
   It wonder if we could convert everything to a `BitSet` and then use the 
actual cardinality. Hopefully we could do this while still keeping the nice 
performance improvement?



##########
lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/search/KnnVectorQuery.java:
##########
@@ -121,35 +140,15 @@ public Query rewrite(IndexReader reader) throws 
IOException {
     return createRewrittenQuery(reader, topK);
   }
 
-  private TopDocs searchLeaf(LeafReaderContext ctx, BitSetCollector 
filterCollector)
-      throws IOException {
-
-    if (filterCollector == null) {
-      Bits acceptDocs = ctx.reader().getLiveDocs();
-      return approximateSearch(ctx, acceptDocs, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+  private TopDocs searchLeaf(LeafReaderContext ctx, Bits acceptDocs, int cost) 
throws IOException {
+    TopDocs results = approximateSearch(ctx, acceptDocs, cost);

Review Comment:
   The new logic here drops this check -- could we make sure to keep it?
   ```
         if (filterIterator.cost() <= k) {
           // If there are <= k possible matches, short-circuit and perform 
exact search, since HNSW
           // must always visit at least k documents
           return exactSearch(ctx, filterIterator);
         }
   ```



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