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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-10297?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:all-tabpanel
 ]

Feng Guo updated LUCENE-10297:
------------------------------
    Description: 
We already have a bitset optimization for low cardinality fields, but the 
optimization only works on extremly low cardinality fields (cardinality < 16), 
for medium cardinality case like 30, 100 can rarely get this optimization.

In [https://github.com/apache/lucene-solr/pull/1538], we made some effort to 
use readLELongs to speed up BKD id blocks, but did not get a obvious gain on 
this approach. I think this is because we are trying to optimize the unsorted 
situation, which typically happens for high cardinality fields, and the 
bottleneck of queries on high cardinality fields is usually visitDocValues but 
not readDocIds. Medium cardinality fields may be tempted for this optimization 
:)

I benchmarked the optimization by mocking some random longPoint and querying 
them with PointInSetQuery. As expected, the medium cardinality fields got spped 
up and high cardinality fields get even results.
 
|doc count|field cardinality|field term count|baseline(ms)|candidate(ms)|diff|
|100000000|32|1|19|16|-15.79%|
|100000000|32|2|34|14|-58.82%|
|100000000|32|4|76|22|-71.05%|
|100000000|32|8|139|42|-69.78%|
|100000000|32|16|279|82|-70.61%|
|100000000|128|1|17|11|-35.29%|
|100000000|128|8|75|23|-69.33%|
|100000000|128|16|126|25|-80.16%|
|100000000|128|32|245|50|-79.59%|
|100000000|128|64|528|97|-81.63%|
|100000000|8192|1|3|3|0.00%|
|100000000|8192|16|18|15|-16.67%|
|100000000|8192|64|19|14|-26.32%|
|100000000|8192|512|69|43|-37.68%|
|100000000|8192|2048|236|134|-43.22%|
|100000000|1048576|1|3|2|-33.33%|
|100000000|1048576|16|18|19|5.56%|
|100000000|1048576|64|17|17|0.00%|
|100000000|1048576|512|34|32|-5.88%|
|100000000|1048576|2048|89|93|4.49%|
|100000000|8388608|1|4|3|-25.00%|
|100000000|8388608|16|24|21|-12.50%|
|100000000|8388608|64|46|45|-2.17%|
|100000000|8388608|512|121|127|4.96%|
|100000000|8388608|2048|193|207|7.25%|

  was:
We already have a bitset optimization for low cardinality fields, but the 
optimization usually only works on extremly low cardinality fields (cardinality 
< 16), for medium cardinality case like 30, 100 can rarely get this 
optimization.

In [https://github.com/apache/lucene-solr/pull/1538], we made some effort to 
use readLELongs to speed up BKD id blocks, but did not get a obvious gain on 
this approach. I think this is because we are trying to optimize the unsorted 
situation, which typically happens for high cardinality fields, and the 
bottleneck of queries on high cardinality fields is usually visitDocValues but 
not readDocIds. Medium cardinality fields may be tempted for this optimization 
:)

I benchmarked the optimization by mocking some random longPoint and querying 
them with PointInSetQuery. As expected, the medium cardinality fields got spped 
up and high cardinality fields get even results.
 
|doc count|field cardinality|field term count|baseline(ms)|candidate(ms)|diff|
|100000000|32|1|19|16|-15.79%|
|100000000|32|2|34|14|-58.82%|
|100000000|32|4|76|22|-71.05%|
|100000000|32|8|139|42|-69.78%|
|100000000|32|16|279|82|-70.61%|
|100000000|128|1|17|11|-35.29%|
|100000000|128|8|75|23|-69.33%|
|100000000|128|16|126|25|-80.16%|
|100000000|128|32|245|50|-79.59%|
|100000000|128|64|528|97|-81.63%|
|100000000|8192|1|3|3|0.00%|
|100000000|8192|16|18|15|-16.67%|
|100000000|8192|64|19|14|-26.32%|
|100000000|8192|512|69|43|-37.68%|
|100000000|8192|2048|236|134|-43.22%|
|100000000|1048576|1|3|2|-33.33%|
|100000000|1048576|16|18|19|5.56%|
|100000000|1048576|64|17|17|0.00%|
|100000000|1048576|512|34|32|-5.88%|
|100000000|1048576|2048|89|93|4.49%|
|100000000|8388608|1|4|3|-25.00%|
|100000000|8388608|16|24|21|-12.50%|
|100000000|8388608|64|46|45|-2.17%|
|100000000|8388608|512|121|127|4.96%|
|100000000|8388608|2048|193|207|7.25%|


> Speed up medium cardinality fields with readLELongs and SIMD
> ------------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: LUCENE-10297
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LUCENE-10297
>             Project: Lucene - Core
>          Issue Type: Improvement
>          Components: core/codecs
>            Reporter: Feng Guo
>            Priority: Major
>          Time Spent: 10m
>  Remaining Estimate: 0h
>
> We already have a bitset optimization for low cardinality fields, but the 
> optimization only works on extremly low cardinality fields (cardinality < 
> 16), for medium cardinality case like 30, 100 can rarely get this 
> optimization.
> In [https://github.com/apache/lucene-solr/pull/1538], we made some effort to 
> use readLELongs to speed up BKD id blocks, but did not get a obvious gain on 
> this approach. I think this is because we are trying to optimize the unsorted 
> situation, which typically happens for high cardinality fields, and the 
> bottleneck of queries on high cardinality fields is usually visitDocValues 
> but not readDocIds. Medium cardinality fields may be tempted for this 
> optimization :)
> I benchmarked the optimization by mocking some random longPoint and querying 
> them with PointInSetQuery. As expected, the medium cardinality fields got 
> spped up and high cardinality fields get even results.
>  
> |doc count|field cardinality|field term count|baseline(ms)|candidate(ms)|diff|
> |100000000|32|1|19|16|-15.79%|
> |100000000|32|2|34|14|-58.82%|
> |100000000|32|4|76|22|-71.05%|
> |100000000|32|8|139|42|-69.78%|
> |100000000|32|16|279|82|-70.61%|
> |100000000|128|1|17|11|-35.29%|
> |100000000|128|8|75|23|-69.33%|
> |100000000|128|16|126|25|-80.16%|
> |100000000|128|32|245|50|-79.59%|
> |100000000|128|64|528|97|-81.63%|
> |100000000|8192|1|3|3|0.00%|
> |100000000|8192|16|18|15|-16.67%|
> |100000000|8192|64|19|14|-26.32%|
> |100000000|8192|512|69|43|-37.68%|
> |100000000|8192|2048|236|134|-43.22%|
> |100000000|1048576|1|3|2|-33.33%|
> |100000000|1048576|16|18|19|5.56%|
> |100000000|1048576|64|17|17|0.00%|
> |100000000|1048576|512|34|32|-5.88%|
> |100000000|1048576|2048|89|93|4.49%|
> |100000000|8388608|1|4|3|-25.00%|
> |100000000|8388608|16|24|21|-12.50%|
> |100000000|8388608|64|46|45|-2.17%|
> |100000000|8388608|512|121|127|4.96%|
> |100000000|8388608|2048|193|207|7.25%|



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