ewoodbury commented on code in PR #3255:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg-rust/pull/3255#discussion_r4235431634


##########
crates/iceberg/src/arrow/record_batch_transformer.rs:
##########
@@ -193,6 +195,284 @@ pub(crate) enum ColumnSource {
     // post-processing step by using the projection mask.
 }
 
+/// Reconciles a source array to the target type by matching nested fields on
+/// field id rather than position, mirroring iceberg-java's nested readers.
+///
+/// The plan is resolved once per file, when the `BatchTransform` is built, so
+/// applying it per batch is just index lookups and array assembly.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) enum PromotePlan {
+    PassThrough,
+    Cast(DataType),
+    Struct {
+        fields: Fields,
+        children: Vec<ChildPlan>,
+    },
+    List {
+        field: FieldRef,
+        element: Box<PromotePlan>,
+    },
+    Map {
+        field: FieldRef,
+        entry_fields: Fields,
+        entries: Vec<ChildPlan>,
+        sorted: bool,
+    },
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) enum ChildPlan {
+    FromSource {
+        source_index: usize,
+        plan: PromotePlan,
+    },
+    Add {
+        target_type: DataType,
+        value: Option<PrimitiveLiteral>,
+    },
+}
+
+impl PromotePlan {
+    fn build(
+        source: &DataType,
+        target: &DataType,
+        snapshot_schema: &IcebergSchema,
+        constant_fields: &HashMap<i32, ColumnConstant>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        if source == target {
+            return Ok(PromotePlan::PassThrough);
+        }
+        match (source, target) {
+            (DataType::Struct(source_fields), DataType::Struct(target_fields)) 
=> {
+                Ok(PromotePlan::Struct {
+                    children: Self::build_struct_children(
+                        source_fields,
+                        target_fields,
+                        snapshot_schema,
+                        constant_fields,
+                    )?,
+                    fields: target_fields.clone(),
+                })
+            }
+            // A file's Arrow schema hint can give either offset width; 
`apply` converts it.
+            // Table schemas are always `List` 
(`ToArrowSchemaConverter::list`).
+            (
+                DataType::List(source_field) | 
DataType::LargeList(source_field),
+                DataType::List(target_field),
+            ) => Ok(PromotePlan::List {
+                element: Box::new(Self::build(
+                    source_field.data_type(),
+                    target_field.data_type(),
+                    snapshot_schema,
+                    constant_fields,
+                )?),
+                field: target_field.clone(),
+            }),
+            (DataType::Map(source_entries, _), DataType::Map(target_entries, 
sorted)) => {
+                match (source_entries.data_type(), target_entries.data_type()) 
{
+                    (DataType::Struct(source_fields), 
DataType::Struct(target_fields)) => {
+                        Ok(PromotePlan::Map {
+                            entries: Self::build_struct_children(
+                                source_fields,
+                                target_fields,
+                                snapshot_schema,
+                                constant_fields,
+                            )?,
+                            entry_fields: target_fields.clone(),
+                            field: target_entries.clone(),
+                            sorted: *sorted,
+                        })
+                    }
+                    _ => Err(Error::new(
+                        ErrorKind::Unexpected,
+                        format!(
+                            "expected struct-typed map entries, got 
{source_entries:?} and {target_entries:?}"

Review Comment:
   Makes sense, switched the map-entries arm to `invalid_data!` and added a 
case for it. I kept `promote_err` as `Unexpected`: it only fires if a batch's 
column doesn't match the schema the plan was built from (which is a caller bug 
rather than bad file data).



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