rdblue commented on code in PR #12658:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/12658#discussion_r2049500773


##########
format/spec.md:
##########
@@ -648,6 +648,9 @@ Notes:
 5. The `content_offset` and `content_size_in_bytes` fields are used to 
reference a specific blob for direct access to a deletion vector. For deletion 
vectors, these values are required and must exactly match the `offset` and 
`length` stored in the Puffin footer for the deletion vector blob.
 6. The following field ids are reserved on `data_file`: 141.
 
+For `variant` type, the `lower_bounds` and `upper_bounds` store the lower and 
upper bounds for the shredded fields within a file with the following 
considerations: 1) Bounds for array data are not collected; 2) The lower / 
upper bounds are collected only if all field data share the same shredded type 
or if the data is missing. These bounds are represented as a Variant object, 
where each field path serves as a key and the corresponding bound value as the 
value. The object is then serialized into binary format (see [Variant 
encoding](https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/blob/master/VariantEncoding.md)).
+Field paths follow the JSON path format to use normalized path, such as 
`$['location']['latitude']` or `$['user.name']`. The special path `$` 
represents bounds for the variant root, indicating that the variant data 
consists of uniform primitive types, such as strings.

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
   Field paths follow the JSON path format to use normalized path, such as 
`$['location']['latitude']` or `$['user.name']`. The special path `$` 
represents bounds for the variant root, indicating that the variant data 
consists of uniform primitive types, such as strings.
   
   Examples of valid field paths using normalized JSON path format are:
   
   * `$` -- the Variant root value
   * `$['user.name']` -- the field `"user.name"` in the root value that is a 
Variant object
   * `$['location']['latitude']` -- the field `latitude` in a nested `location` 
object
   * `$['ids']` -- the `ids` array
   * `$['addresses']['zip']` -- the field `zip` in an `addresses` array that 
contains objects
   ```



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