lidavidm commented on code in PR #31:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg-cpp/pull/31#discussion_r1924876360


##########
src/iceberg/schema_field.h:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+/// \file iceberg/schema_field.h
+/// A (schema) field is a name and a type and is part of a schema or nested
+/// type (e.g. a struct).
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+
+#include "iceberg/iceberg_export.h"
+#include "iceberg/type_fwd.h"
+#include "iceberg/util/formattable.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+/// \brief A type combined with a name.
+class ICEBERG_EXPORT SchemaField : public iceberg::util::Formattable {
+ public:
+  /// \brief Construct a field.
+  /// \param[in] field_id The field ID.
+  /// \param[in] name The field name.
+  /// \param[in] type The field type.
+  /// \param[in] optional Whether values of this field are required or 
nullable.
+  SchemaField(int32_t field_id, std::string name, std::shared_ptr<Type> type,
+              bool optional);
+
+  /// \brief Construct an optional (nullable) field.
+  static SchemaField MakeOptional(int32_t field_id, std::string name,
+                                  std::shared_ptr<Type> type);
+  /// \brief Construct a required (non-null) field.
+  static SchemaField MakeRequired(int32_t field_id, std::string name,
+                                  std::shared_ptr<Type> type);
+
+  /// \brief Get the field ID.
+  [[nodiscard]] int32_t field_id() const;

Review Comment:
   I don't think it hurts



##########
src/iceberg/type.h:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+/// \file iceberg/type.h
+/// Data types for Iceberg.  This header defines the data types, but see
+/// iceberg/type_fwd.h for the enum defining the list of types.
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#include <span>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "iceberg/iceberg_export.h"
+#include "iceberg/schema_field.h"
+#include "iceberg/util/formattable.h"
+
+namespace iceberg {
+
+/// \brief Interface for a data type for a field.
+class ICEBERG_EXPORT Type : public iceberg::util::Formattable {
+ public:
+  virtual ~Type() = default;
+
+  /// \brief Get the type ID.
+  [[nodiscard]] virtual TypeId type_id() const = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Is this a primitive type (may not have child fields)?
+  [[nodiscard]] virtual bool is_primitive() const = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Is this a nested type (may have child fields)?
+  [[nodiscard]] virtual bool is_nested() const = 0;
+
+  /// \brief Compare two types for equality.
+  friend bool operator==(const Type& lhs, const Type& rhs) { return 
lhs.Equals(rhs); }
+
+  /// \brief Compare two types for inequality.
+  friend bool operator!=(const Type& lhs, const Type& rhs) { return !(lhs == 
rhs); }
+
+ protected:
+  /// \brief Compare two types for equality.
+  [[nodiscard]] virtual bool Equals(const Type& other) const = 0;
+};
+
+/// \brief A data type that may not have child fields.
+class ICEBERG_EXPORT PrimitiveType : public Type {
+ public:
+  bool is_primitive() const override { return true; }
+  bool is_nested() const override { return false; }
+};
+
+/// \brief A data type that may have child fields.
+class ICEBERG_EXPORT NestedType : public Type {
+ public:
+  bool is_primitive() const override { return false; }
+  bool is_nested() const override { return true; }
+
+  /// \brief Get a view of the child fields.
+  [[nodiscard]] virtual std::span<const SchemaField> fields() const = 0;
+  /// \brief Get a field by field ID.
+  [[nodiscard]] virtual std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<const 
SchemaField>>
+  GetFieldById(int32_t field_id) const = 0;
+  /// \brief Get a field by index.
+  [[nodiscard]] virtual std::optional<std::reference_wrapper<const 
SchemaField>>
+  GetFieldByIndex(int i) const = 0;

Review Comment:
   Do we want signed or unsigned?



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