jiayuasu commented on code in PR #10981:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/10981#discussion_r1724114033


##########
format/spec.md:
##########
@@ -198,6 +199,9 @@ Notes:
     - Timestamp values _with time zone_ represent a point in time: values are 
stored as UTC and do not retain a source time zone (`2017-11-16 17:10:34 PST` 
is stored/retrieved as `2017-11-17 01:10:34 UTC` and these values are 
considered identical).
     - Timestamp values _without time zone_ represent a date and time of day 
regardless of zone: the time value is independent of zone adjustments 
(`2017-11-16 17:10:34` is always retrieved as `2017-11-16 17:10:34`).
 3. Character strings must be stored as UTF-8 encoded byte arrays.
+4. Coordinate Reference System, i.e. mapping of how coordinates refer to 
precise locations on earth. Defaults to "OGC:CRS84". Fixed and cannot be 
changed by schema evolution.

Review Comment:
   1. When we say `OGC:CRS84`, the value you put in this field should be the 
following PROJJSON string (see [GeoParquet 
spec](https://github.com/opengeospatial/geoparquet/blob/main/format-specs/geoparquet.md#ogccrs84-details))
   ```
   {
       "$schema": "https://proj.org/schemas/v0.5/projjson.schema.json";,
       "type": "GeographicCRS",
       "name": "WGS 84 longitude-latitude",
       "datum": {
           "type": "GeodeticReferenceFrame",
           "name": "World Geodetic System 1984",
           "ellipsoid": {
               "name": "WGS 84",
               "semi_major_axis": 6378137,
               "inverse_flattening": 298.257223563
           }
       },
       "coordinate_system": {
           "subtype": "ellipsoidal",
           "axis": [
           {
               "name": "Geodetic longitude",
               "abbreviation": "Lon",
               "direction": "east",
               "unit": "degree"
           },
           {
               "name": "Geodetic latitude",
               "abbreviation": "Lat",
               "direction": "north",
               "unit": "degree"
           }
           ]
       },
       "id": {
           "authority": "OGC",
           "code": "CRS84"
       }
   }
   ```
   
   2. Both `crs` and `crs_kind` field are optional. But when the `CRS` field 
presents, the `crs_kind` field must present. In this case, since we hard code 
this `crs` field in this phase, then we need to set `crs_kind` field (string) 
to `PROJJSON`.



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