HonahX commented on code in PR #921:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg-python/pull/921#discussion_r1676549791


##########
pyiceberg/io/pyarrow.py:
##########
@@ -2079,36 +2083,63 @@ def _check_schema_compatible(table_schema: Schema, 
other_schema: pa.Schema, down
     Raises:
         ValueError: If the schemas are not compatible.
     """
-    name_mapping = table_schema.name_mapping
-    try:
-        task_schema = pyarrow_to_schema(
-            other_schema, name_mapping=name_mapping, 
downcast_ns_timestamp_to_us=downcast_ns_timestamp_to_us
-        )
-    except ValueError as e:
-        other_schema = _pyarrow_to_schema_without_ids(other_schema, 
downcast_ns_timestamp_to_us=downcast_ns_timestamp_to_us)
-        additional_names = set(other_schema.column_names) - 
set(table_schema.column_names)
-        raise ValueError(
-            f"PyArrow table contains more columns: {', 
'.join(sorted(additional_names))}. Update the schema first (hint, use 
union_by_name)."
-        ) from e
-
-    if table_schema.as_struct() != task_schema.as_struct():
-        from rich.console import Console
-        from rich.table import Table as RichTable
+    task_schema = assign_fresh_schema_ids(
+        _pyarrow_to_schema_without_ids(other_schema, 
downcast_ns_timestamp_to_us=downcast_ns_timestamp_to_us)
+    )
 
-        console = Console(record=True)
+    extra_fields = task_schema.field_names - table_schema.field_names
+    missing_fields = table_schema.field_names - task_schema.field_names
+    fields_in_both = 
task_schema.field_names.intersection(table_schema.field_names)
+
+    from rich.console import Console
+    from rich.table import Table as RichTable
+
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    rich_table = RichTable(show_header=True, header_style="bold")
+    rich_table.add_column("Field Name")
+    rich_table.add_column("Category")
+    rich_table.add_column("Table field")
+    rich_table.add_column("Dataframe field")
+
+    def print_nullability(required: bool) -> str:
+        return "required" if required else "optional"
+
+    for field_name in fields_in_both:
+        lhs = table_schema.find_field(field_name)
+        rhs = task_schema.find_field(field_name)
+        # Check nullability
+        if lhs.required != rhs.required:
+            rich_table.add_row(
+                field_name,
+                "Nullability",
+                f"{print_nullability(lhs.required)} {str(lhs.field_type)}",
+                f"{print_nullability(rhs.required)} {str(rhs.field_type)}",
+            )
+        # Check if type is consistent
+        if any(
+            (isinstance(lhs.field_type, container_type) and 
isinstance(rhs.field_type, container_type))
+            for container_type in {StructType, MapType, ListType}
+        ):
+            continue
+        elif lhs.field_type != rhs.field_type:
+            rich_table.add_row(
+                field_name,
+                "Type",
+                f"{print_nullability(lhs.required)} {str(lhs.field_type)}",
+                f"{print_nullability(rhs.required)} {str(rhs.field_type)}",
+            )

Review Comment:
   I am thinking if we can be less restrictive on type. If the rhs's type can 
be 
[promoted](https://github.com/apache/iceberg-python/blob/cf3bf8a977f80f986237bc62293666de327871b3/pyiceberg/schema.py#L1550-L1564)
 to lhs's type, the case may still be considered as compatible:
   ```python
    elif lhs.field_type != rhs.field_type:
               try:
                   promote(rhs.field_type, lhs.field_type)
               except ResolveError:
                   rich_table.add_row(
                       field_name,
                       "Type",
                       f"{print_nullability(lhs.required)} 
{str(lhs.field_type)}",
                       f"{print_nullability(rhs.required)} 
{str(rhs.field_type)}",
                   )
   ```
   
   <details>
   
   <summary>Example Test case</summary>
   
   ```python
   def test_schema_uuid() -> None:
       table_schema = Schema(
           NestedField(field_id=1, name="foo", field_type=StringType(), 
required=False),
           NestedField(field_id=2, name="bar", field_type=IntegerType(), 
required=True),
           NestedField(field_id=3, name="baz", field_type=UUIDType(), 
required=False),
           schema_id=1,
           identifier_field_ids=[2],
       )
       other_schema = pa.schema((
           pa.field("foo", pa.large_string(), nullable=True),
           pa.field("bar", pa.int32(), nullable=False),
           pa.field("baz", pa.binary(16), nullable=True),
       ))
   
       _check_schema_compatible(table_schema, other_schema)
   
       other_schema_fail = pa.schema((
           pa.field("foo", pa.large_string(), nullable=True),
           pa.field("bar", pa.int32(), nullable=False),
           pa.field("baz", pa.binary(15), nullable=True),
       ))
   
       with pytest.raises(ValueError):
           _check_schema_compatible(table_schema, other_schema_fail)
   ```
   
   
   </details>
   
   This could be a possible solution for 
https://github.com/apache/iceberg-python/issues/855, and should also covers the 
situation of writing pa.int32() (IntegerType) to LongType
   



##########
tests/integration/test_writes/test_writes.py:
##########
@@ -964,18 +964,38 @@ def test_sanitize_character_partitioned(catalog: Catalog) 
-> None:
     assert len(tbl.scan().to_arrow()) == 22
 
 
+@pytest.mark.integration
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("format_version", [1, 2])
-def table_write_subset_of_schema(session_catalog: Catalog, 
arrow_table_with_null: pa.Table, format_version: int) -> None:
-    identifier = "default.table_append_subset_of_schema"
+def test_table_write_subset_of_schema(session_catalog: Catalog, 
arrow_table_with_null: pa.Table, format_version: int) -> None:
+    identifier = "default.test_table_write_subset_of_schema"
     tbl = _create_table(session_catalog, identifier, {"format-version": 
format_version}, [arrow_table_with_null])
     arrow_table_without_some_columns = 
arrow_table_with_null.combine_chunks().drop(arrow_table_with_null.column_names[0])
+    print(arrow_table_without_some_columns.schema)
+    print(arrow_table_with_null.schema)

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
   ```



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