syun64 commented on code in PR #921:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg-python/pull/921#discussion_r1676465583


##########
pyiceberg/io/pyarrow.py:
##########
@@ -2079,36 +2083,63 @@ def _check_schema_compatible(table_schema: Schema, 
other_schema: pa.Schema, down
     Raises:
         ValueError: If the schemas are not compatible.
     """
-    name_mapping = table_schema.name_mapping
-    try:
-        task_schema = pyarrow_to_schema(
-            other_schema, name_mapping=name_mapping, 
downcast_ns_timestamp_to_us=downcast_ns_timestamp_to_us
-        )
-    except ValueError as e:
-        other_schema = _pyarrow_to_schema_without_ids(other_schema, 
downcast_ns_timestamp_to_us=downcast_ns_timestamp_to_us)
-        additional_names = set(other_schema.column_names) - 
set(table_schema.column_names)
-        raise ValueError(
-            f"PyArrow table contains more columns: {', 
'.join(sorted(additional_names))}. Update the schema first (hint, use 
union_by_name)."
-        ) from e
-
-    if table_schema.as_struct() != task_schema.as_struct():
-        from rich.console import Console
-        from rich.table import Table as RichTable
+    task_schema = assign_fresh_schema_ids(
+        _pyarrow_to_schema_without_ids(other_schema, 
downcast_ns_timestamp_to_us=downcast_ns_timestamp_to_us)
+    )
 
-        console = Console(record=True)
+    extra_fields = task_schema.field_names - table_schema.field_names
+    missing_fields = table_schema.field_names - task_schema.field_names
+    fields_in_both = 
task_schema.field_names.intersection(table_schema.field_names)
+
+    from rich.console import Console
+    from rich.table import Table as RichTable
+
+    console = Console(record=True)
+
+    rich_table = RichTable(show_header=True, header_style="bold")
+    rich_table.add_column("Field Name")
+    rich_table.add_column("Category")
+    rich_table.add_column("Table field")
+    rich_table.add_column("Dataframe field")
+
+    def print_nullability(required: bool) -> str:
+        return "required" if required else "optional"
+
+    for field_name in fields_in_both:
+        lhs = table_schema.find_field(field_name)
+        rhs = task_schema.find_field(field_name)
+        # Check nullability
+        if lhs.required != rhs.required:
+            rich_table.add_row(
+                field_name,
+                "Nullability",
+                f"{print_nullability(lhs.required)} {str(lhs.field_type)}",
+                f"{print_nullability(rhs.required)} {str(rhs.field_type)}",
+            )
+        # Check if type is consistent
+        if any(
+            (isinstance(lhs.field_type, container_type) and 
isinstance(rhs.field_type, container_type))
+            for container_type in {StructType, MapType, ListType}

Review Comment:
   The `field_names` list contains both parent and child fields as separate 
entries.
   
   We ignore checking the type of the parent if they are any of the container 
types (StructType, MapType and ListType), because the overall type of the 
container will be unequal: `MapType(StringType(), IntegerType()) != 
MapType(StringType(), StringType())`. We leave the work of comparing the types 
and nullability of the child fields when we are checking the child nodes.



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