findepi commented on code in PR #10288:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/10288#discussion_r1639586779


##########
spark/v3.5/spark/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/spark/actions/NDVSketchGenerator.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.iceberg.spark.actions;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.UUID;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import org.apache.datasketches.theta.CompactSketch;
+import org.apache.datasketches.theta.SetOperationBuilder;
+import org.apache.datasketches.theta.UpdateSketch;
+import org.apache.iceberg.GenericBlobMetadata;
+import org.apache.iceberg.GenericStatisticsFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.HasTableOperations;
+import org.apache.iceberg.StatisticsFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.Table;
+import org.apache.iceberg.TableOperations;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.FileIO;
+import org.apache.iceberg.io.OutputFile;
+import org.apache.iceberg.puffin.Blob;
+import org.apache.iceberg.puffin.Puffin;
+import org.apache.iceberg.puffin.PuffinWriter;
+import org.apache.iceberg.puffin.StandardBlobTypes;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
+import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Maps;
+import org.apache.iceberg.types.Types;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaPairRDD;
+import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.Function2;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Column;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.Row;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.functions;
+import org.apache.spark.sql.internal.SQLConf;
+import scala.Tuple2;
+
+public class NDVSketchGenerator {
+
+  private NDVSketchGenerator() {}
+
+  static StatisticsFile generateNDV(
+      SparkSession spark, Table table, long snapshotId, String... 
columnsToBeAnalyzed)
+      throws IOException {
+    List<String> columnList;
+    if (columnsToBeAnalyzed == null || columnsToBeAnalyzed.length == 0) {
+      columnList =
+          table.schema().columns().stream()
+              .map(Types.NestedField::name)
+              .collect(Collectors.toList());
+    } else {
+      columnList = Lists.newArrayList(columnsToBeAnalyzed);
+    }
+    Iterator<Tuple2<String, ThetaSketchJavaSerializable>> tuple2Iterator =
+        computeNDVSketches(spark, table.name(), snapshotId, columnList);
+    Map<String, ThetaSketchJavaSerializable> sketchMap = Maps.newHashMap();
+
+    tuple2Iterator.forEachRemaining(tuple -> sketchMap.put(tuple._1, 
tuple._2));
+    return writeToPuffin(table, columnList, sketchMap);
+  }
+
+  private static StatisticsFile writeToPuffin(
+      Table table, List<String> columns, Map<String, 
ThetaSketchJavaSerializable> sketchMap)
+      throws IOException {
+    TableOperations operations = ((HasTableOperations) table).operations();
+    FileIO fileIO = operations.io();
+    String path = operations.metadataFileLocation(String.format("%s.stats", 
UUID.randomUUID()));
+    OutputFile outputFile = fileIO.newOutputFile(path);
+    try (PuffinWriter writer =
+        Puffin.write(outputFile).createdBy("Iceberg Analyze action").build()) {
+      for (String columnName : columns) {
+        writer.add(
+            new Blob(

Review Comment:
   thanks @szehon-ho for the ping
   there are couple potential issues
   
   - the blob needs to have `ndv` property
   - the sketch needs to be updated with the standard byte[] representation of 
values (`Conversions.toByteBuffer`)
   - there should be inter-op test 
https://github.com/apache/iceberg/pull/10288#discussion_r1639569349
   - i am not exactly sure how what's the lifecycle of 
`ThetaSketchJavaSerializable` & whether this can impact the final results. need 
to re-read this portion



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