HonahX commented on code in PR #219:
URL: https://github.com/apache/iceberg-python/pull/219#discussion_r1451632412


##########
pyiceberg/io/pyarrow.py:
##########
@@ -698,77 +708,143 @@ def before_field(self, field: pa.Field) -> None:
     def after_field(self, field: pa.Field) -> None:
         """Override this method to perform an action immediately after 
visiting a field."""
 
+    def before_list_element(self, element: pa.Field) -> None:
+        """Override this method to perform an action immediately before 
visiting an element within a ListType."""
+
+    def after_list_element(self, element: pa.Field) -> None:
+        """Override this method to perform an action immediately after 
visiting an element within a ListType."""
+
+    def before_map_key(self, key: pa.Field) -> None:
+        """Override this method to perform an action immediately before 
visiting a key within a MapType."""
+
+    def after_map_key(self, key: pa.Field) -> None:
+        """Override this method to perform an action immediately after 
visiting a key within a MapType."""
+
+    def before_map_value(self, value: pa.Field) -> None:
+        """Override this method to perform an action immediately before 
visiting a value within a MapType."""
+
+    def after_map_value(self, value: pa.Field) -> None:
+        """Override this method to perform an action immediately after 
visiting a value within a MapType."""
+
     @abstractmethod
-    def schema(self, schema: pa.Schema, field_results: List[Optional[T]]) -> 
Optional[T]:
+    def schema(self, schema: pa.Schema, struct_result: T) -> T:
         """Visit a schema."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def struct(self, struct: pa.StructType, field_results: List[Optional[T]]) 
-> Optional[T]:
+    def struct(self, struct: pa.StructType, field_results: List[T]) -> T:
         """Visit a struct."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def list(self, list_type: pa.ListType, element_result: Optional[T]) -> 
Optional[T]:
+    def field(self, field: pa.Field, field_result: T) -> T:
+        """Visit a field."""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def list(self, list_type: pa.ListType, element_result: T) -> T:
         """Visit a list."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def map(self, map_type: pa.MapType, key_result: Optional[T], value_result: 
Optional[T]) -> Optional[T]:
+    def map(self, map_type: pa.MapType, key_result: T, value_result: T) -> T:
         """Visit a map."""
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def primitive(self, primitive: pa.DataType) -> Optional[T]:
+    def primitive(self, primitive: pa.DataType) -> T:
         """Visit a primitive type."""
 
 
 def _get_field_id(field: pa.Field) -> Optional[int]:
-    for pyarrow_field_id_key in PYARROW_FIELD_ID_KEYS:
-        if field_id_str := field.metadata.get(pyarrow_field_id_key):
-            return int(field_id_str.decode())
+    if field.metadata:
+        for pyarrow_field_id_key in PYARROW_FIELD_ID_KEYS:
+            if field_id_str := field.metadata.get(pyarrow_field_id_key):
+                return int(field_id_str.decode())
     return None
 
 
 def _get_field_doc(field: pa.Field) -> Optional[str]:
-    for pyarrow_doc_key in PYARROW_FIELD_DOC_KEYS:
-        if doc_str := field.metadata.get(pyarrow_doc_key):
-            return doc_str.decode()
+    if field.metadata:
+        for pyarrow_doc_key in PYARROW_FIELD_DOC_KEYS:
+            if doc_str := field.metadata.get(pyarrow_doc_key):
+                return doc_str.decode()
     return None
 
 
-class _ConvertToIceberg(PyArrowSchemaVisitor[Union[IcebergType, Schema]]):
-    def _convert_fields(self, arrow_fields: Iterable[pa.Field], field_results: 
List[Optional[IcebergType]]) -> List[NestedField]:
-        fields = []
-        for i, field in enumerate(arrow_fields):
-            field_id = _get_field_id(field)
-            field_doc = _get_field_doc(field)
-            field_type = field_results[i]
-            if field_type is not None and field_id is not None:
-                fields.append(NestedField(field_id, field.name, field_type, 
required=not field.nullable, doc=field_doc))
-        return fields
-
-    def schema(self, schema: pa.Schema, field_results: 
List[Optional[IcebergType]]) -> Schema:
-        return Schema(*self._convert_fields(schema, field_results))
-
-    def struct(self, struct: pa.StructType, field_results: 
List[Optional[IcebergType]]) -> IcebergType:
-        return StructType(*self._convert_fields(struct, field_results))
-
-    def list(self, list_type: pa.ListType, element_result: 
Optional[IcebergType]) -> Optional[IcebergType]:
+class _HasIds(PyArrowSchemaVisitor[bool]):
+    def schema(self, schema: pa.Schema, struct_result: bool) -> bool:
+        return struct_result
+
+    def struct(self, struct: pa.StructType, field_results: List[bool]) -> bool:
+        return all(field_results)
+
+    def field(self, field: pa.Field, field_result: bool) -> bool:
+        return all([_get_field_id(field) is not None, field_result])
+
+    def list(self, list_type: pa.ListType, element_result: bool) -> bool:
         element_field = list_type.value_field
         element_id = _get_field_id(element_field)
-        if element_result is not None and element_id is not None:
-            return ListType(element_id, element_result, element_required=not 
element_field.nullable)
-        return None
+        return element_result and element_id is not None
 
-    def map(
-        self, map_type: pa.MapType, key_result: Optional[IcebergType], 
value_result: Optional[IcebergType]
-    ) -> Optional[IcebergType]:
+    def map(self, map_type: pa.MapType, key_result: bool, value_result: bool) 
-> bool:
         key_field = map_type.key_field
         key_id = _get_field_id(key_field)
         value_field = map_type.item_field
         value_id = _get_field_id(value_field)
-        if key_result is not None and value_result is not None and key_id is 
not None and value_id is not None:
-            return MapType(key_id, key_result, value_id, value_result, 
value_required=not value_field.nullable)
-        return None
+        return all([key_id is not None, value_id is not None, key_result, 
value_result])
+
+    def primitive(self, primitive: pa.DataType) -> bool:
+        return True
 
-    def primitive(self, primitive: pa.DataType) -> IcebergType:
+
+class _ConvertToIceberg(PyArrowSchemaVisitor[Union[IcebergType, Schema]]):
+    """Converts PyArrowSchema to Iceberg Schema. Applies the IDs from 
name_mapping if provided."""
+
+    field_names: List[str]
+    name_mapping: Optional[NameMapping]
+
+    def __init__(self, name_mapping: Optional[NameMapping] = None) -> None:
+        self.field_names = []
+        self.name_mapping = name_mapping
+
+    def _current_path(self) -> str:
+        return ".".join(self.field_names)
+
+    def _get_field_id(self, field: pa.Field) -> int:

Review Comment:
   I think @syun64 is right that currently we do not have a convenient way to 
convert an in memory arrow table to a new iceberg table.  I'm +1 on adding a 
utility method to extract the iceberg schema from a pyarrow table, similar to 
the existing 
[SparkSchemaUtil.schemaForTable](https://github.com/apache/iceberg/blob/31e31fd819c846f49d2bd459b8bfadfdc3c2bc3a/spark/v3.5/spark/src/main/java/org/apache/iceberg/spark/SparkSchemaUtil.java#L51-L65).
 A similar use case is in table migration: we convert Spark or Delta Lake 
schemas to new iceberg schemas with fresh ids for use in 
`createTableTransaction`
   
   I think it's crucial for the method's docstring to specify that this utility 
should be employed exclusively when creating a new iceberg table. It might be 
better to make this a distinct method (may be named as `new_schema_for_table`) 
separate from `pyarrow_to_schema` to avoid confusion. As for the implementation 
details, I think we can introduce a new visitor 
(`_ConvertToIcebergWithFreshIds`) for this. Do you think this sounds reasonable?



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