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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CALCITE-7463?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=18071555#comment-18071555
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Zhen Chen commented on CALCITE-7463:
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I haven’t figured out how to give an example using SQL. The scenario is like 
this: There’s a table t created with the statement 

"CREATE TABLE t (id INT, name VARCHAR(10))", and its physical data is stored in 
order of id. In such a scenario, performing a rewrite would definitely be 
incorrect. If we don’t consider that scenario, there’s a slightly more 
complicated situation: during query optimization, the sorting property from 
deeper levels of UNION subclauses can be propagated upward. However, during 
plan rewriting, I can only recognize LIMIT and cannot match the SORT at deeper 
levels. That’s what I’m concerned about.

> UnionToFilterRule incorrectly rewrites UNION with LIMIT
> -------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: CALCITE-7463
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/CALCITE-7463
>             Project: Calcite
>          Issue Type: Bug
>          Components: core
>    Affects Versions: 1.41.0
>            Reporter: Zhen Chen
>            Priority: Major
>             Fix For: 1.42.0
>
>
> The {{UnionToFilterRule}} produces incorrect results when applied to inputs 
> that contain {{{}LIMIT{}}}.
> Specifically, the rule incorrectly collapses:
> {code:java}
> (SELECT mgr, comm FROM emp LIMIT 2)
> UNION
> (SELECT mgr, comm FROM emp LIMIT 2) {code}
> into:
> {code:java}
> SELECT DISTINCT mgr, comm FROM emp LIMIT 2 {code}
> This transformation is {*}not semantically equivalent{*}.
> *Reproduction*
> SQL
> {code:java}
> (SELECT mgr, comm FROM emp LIMIT 2)
> UNION
> (SELECT mgr, comm FROM emp LIMIT 2) {code}
> h4. Plan Before
> {code:java}
> LogicalUnion(all=[false])
>   LogicalSort(fetch=[2])
>     LogicalProject(MGR=[$3], COMM=[$6])
>       LogicalTableScan(table=[[CATALOG, SALES, EMP]])
>   LogicalSort(fetch=[2])
>     LogicalProject(MGR=[$3], COMM=[$6])
>       LogicalTableScan(table=[[CATALOG, SALES, EMP]]) {code}
> *Plan After (Incorrect)*
> {code:java}
> LogicalAggregate(group=[{0, 1}])
>   LogicalSort(fetch=[2])
>     LogicalProject(MGR=[$3], COMM=[$6])
>       LogicalTableScan(table=[[CATALOG, SALES, EMP]]) {code}
> *Expected Behavior*
> The transformation should NOT be applied when any input of UNION contains 
> LogicalSort(That contains ORDER BY, LIMIT, OFFSET). 
>  



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