Hi again,

thus, in order to deal with the various subissues we have got, I prepared the below, which passes testing. As you can see, the diagnostic triggers only once, for the left-most '=' and/or the left-most ','. I suppose that's Ok, I'm not 100% sure about the wording of the error messages though. Otherwise, I'm quite happy with the patch ;) modulo maybe the need to pass around a location_t*, isn't something we do very often. Let me know...

Thanks,
Paolo.

//////////////////////////
Index: cp/parser.c
===================================================================
--- cp/parser.c (revision 219042)
+++ cp/parser.c (working copy)
@@ -2124,7 +2124,8 @@ static tree cp_parser_decltype
 /* Declarators [gram.dcl.decl] */
 
 static tree cp_parser_init_declarator
-  (cp_parser *, cp_decl_specifier_seq *, vec<deferred_access_check, va_gc> *, 
bool, bool, int, bool *, tree *);
+  (cp_parser *, cp_decl_specifier_seq *, vec<deferred_access_check, va_gc> *,
+   bool, bool, int, bool *, tree *, location_t *);
 static cp_declarator *cp_parser_declarator
   (cp_parser *, cp_parser_declarator_kind, int *, bool *, bool, bool);
 static cp_declarator *cp_parser_direct_declarator
@@ -11454,6 +11455,8 @@ cp_parser_simple_declaration (cp_parser* parser,
   cp_decl_specifier_seq decl_specifiers;
   int declares_class_or_enum;
   bool saw_declarator;
+  location_t comma_loc = UNKNOWN_LOCATION;
+  location_t equal_loc = UNKNOWN_LOCATION;
 
   if (maybe_range_for_decl)
     *maybe_range_for_decl = NULL_TREE;
@@ -11528,12 +11531,16 @@ cp_parser_simple_declaration (cp_parser* parser,
 
       if (saw_declarator)
        {
-         /* If we are processing next declarator, coma is expected */
+         /* If we are processing next declarator, comma is expected */
          token = cp_lexer_peek_token (parser->lexer);
          gcc_assert (token->type == CPP_COMMA);
          cp_lexer_consume_token (parser->lexer);
          if (maybe_range_for_decl)
-           *maybe_range_for_decl = error_mark_node;
+           {
+             *maybe_range_for_decl = error_mark_node;
+             if (comma_loc == UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
+               comma_loc = token->location;
+           }
        }
       else
        saw_declarator = true;
@@ -11545,7 +11552,8 @@ cp_parser_simple_declaration (cp_parser* parser,
                                        /*member_p=*/false,
                                        declares_class_or_enum,
                                        &function_definition_p,
-                                       maybe_range_for_decl);
+                                       maybe_range_for_decl,
+                                       &equal_loc);
       /* If an error occurred while parsing tentatively, exit quickly.
         (That usually happens when in the body of a function; each
         statement is treated as a declaration-statement until proven
@@ -11631,7 +11639,15 @@ cp_parser_simple_declaration (cp_parser* parser,
 
   /* Consume the `;'.  */
   if (!maybe_range_for_decl)
-      cp_parser_require (parser, CPP_SEMICOLON, RT_SEMICOLON);
+    cp_parser_require (parser, CPP_SEMICOLON, RT_SEMICOLON);
+  else if (cp_lexer_next_token_is (parser->lexer, CPP_COLON))
+    {
+      if (equal_loc != UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
+       error_at (equal_loc, "initializer in range-based %<for%> loop");
+      if (comma_loc != UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
+       error_at (comma_loc,
+                 "multiple declarations in range-based %<for%> loop");
+    }
 
  done:
   pop_deferring_access_checks ();
@@ -16842,8 +16858,13 @@ cp_parser_asm_definition (cp_parser* parser)
    parsed declaration if it is an uninitialized single declarator not followed
    by a `;', or to error_mark_node otherwise. Either way, the trailing `;',
    if present, will not be consumed.  If returned, this declarator will be
-   created with SD_INITIALIZED but will not call cp_finish_decl.  */
+   created with SD_INITIALIZED but will not call cp_finish_decl.
 
+   If MAYBE_RANGE_FOR_DECL is not NULL, and *EQUAL_LOC is equal to
+   UNKNOWN_LOCATION, and there is an initializer, the pointed location_t
+   is set to the location of the '=' (or `(', or '{' in C++11) token
+   introducing the initializer.  */
+
 static tree
 cp_parser_init_declarator (cp_parser* parser,
                           cp_decl_specifier_seq *decl_specifiers,
@@ -16852,7 +16873,8 @@ cp_parser_init_declarator (cp_parser* parser,
                           bool member_p,
                           int declares_class_or_enum,
                           bool* function_definition_p,
-                          tree* maybe_range_for_decl)
+                          tree* maybe_range_for_decl,
+                          location_t* equal_loc)
 {
   cp_token *token = NULL, *asm_spec_start_token = NULL,
            *attributes_start_token = NULL;
@@ -16875,6 +16897,7 @@ cp_parser_init_declarator (cp_parser* parser,
   tree pushed_scope = NULL_TREE;
   bool range_for_decl_p = false;
   bool saved_default_arg_ok_p = parser->default_arg_ok_p;
+  location_t tmp_equal_loc = UNKNOWN_LOCATION;
 
   /* Gather the attributes that were provided with the
      decl-specifiers.  */
@@ -17040,7 +17063,11 @@ cp_parser_init_declarator (cp_parser* parser,
       is_initialized = SD_INITIALIZED;
       initialization_kind = token->type;
       if (maybe_range_for_decl)
-       *maybe_range_for_decl = error_mark_node;
+       {
+         *maybe_range_for_decl = error_mark_node;
+         if (*equal_loc == UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
+           tmp_equal_loc = token->location;
+       }
 
       if (token->type == CPP_EQ
          && function_declarator_p (declarator))
@@ -17063,7 +17090,8 @@ cp_parser_init_declarator (cp_parser* parser,
            range_for_decl_p = true;
          else
            {
-             cp_parser_error (parser, "expected initializer");
+             if (!maybe_range_for_decl)
+               cp_parser_error (parser, "expected initializer");
              return error_mark_node;
            }
        }
@@ -17168,6 +17196,8 @@ cp_parser_init_declarator (cp_parser* parser,
            finish_lambda_scope ();
          if (initializer == error_mark_node)
            cp_parser_skip_to_end_of_statement (parser);
+         else if (initializer && tmp_equal_loc != UNKNOWN_LOCATION)
+           *equal_loc = tmp_equal_loc;
        }
     }
 
@@ -23726,7 +23756,7 @@ cp_parser_single_declaration (cp_parser* parser,
                                        member_p,
                                        declares_class_or_enum,
                                        &function_definition_p,
-                                       NULL);
+                                       NULL, NULL);
 
     /* 7.1.1-1 [dcl.stc]
 
Index: testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/range-for29.C
===================================================================
--- testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/range-for29.C        (revision 0)
+++ testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/range-for29.C        (working copy)
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// PR c++/63985
+// { dg-require-effective-target c++11 }
+
+void foo()
+{
+  int arr;
+
+  for (int i = 5: arr)  // { dg-error "initializer in range-based" }
+    ;
+
+  for (int i, j: arr)   // { dg-error "multiple declarations in range-based" }
+    ;
+}

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