https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=104091
--- Comment #4 from Jonathan Wakely <redi at gcc dot gnu.org> --- A slight variation from PR 101221: template<class T> struct S; template<class T> using SS = S; For comparison, Clang and EDG give exactly the same diagnostic for all examples above irrespective of C++14/17/20 mode.