https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=107273
--- Comment #3 from Zhendong Su <zhendong.su at inf dot ethz.ch> --- Another likely related instance that is miscompiled at -Os, -O2 and -O3. Compiler Explorer: https://godbolt.org/z/3TbG51Ph3 [628] % gcctk -v Using built-in specs. COLLECT_GCC=gcctk COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/local/suz-local/software/local/gcc-trunk/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13.0.0/lto-wrapper Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu Configured with: ../gcc-trunk/configure --disable-bootstrap --enable-checking=yes --prefix=/local/suz-local/software/local/gcc-trunk --enable-sanitizers --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-werror --enable-multilib --with-system-zlib Thread model: posix Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib gcc version 13.0.0 20221015 (experimental) [master r13-3311-gbaeec7cc83b] (GCC) [629] % [629] % gcctk -O1 small.c; ./a.out [630] % [630] % gcctk -Os small.c [631] % timeout -s 9 5 ./a.out Killed [632] % [632] % cat small.c struct a { int b; }; int c; int main() { struct a d = {0}; int e; short f = 1; for (; c < 1; c++) { if (d.b < 1) e = -~(f ^ 500000000L ^ -1); f = e; while (e > -100000) ; } return 0; }