> This is surprising, you should retry, you may have been mistaken
> somehow IMHO.

I tried it with MS-DOS 6.2 and it didn't work.  I'll try to remember to test it 
again someday (not in a position to do it now).

> ASPI is not the level doing disk access, it is a wrapper for DOS
> around the SCSI protocol.

That's no different than what INT 13h does.  INT 13h is just a standard 
software "wrapper" around the hardware, whatever that is (MFM, RLL, ESDI, SCSI, 
ATA/IDE, SATA, PATA, etc.).  In fact, most (maybe all?) of the later hardware 
standards (including ATA/IDE) are based on the SCSI software command set, even 
though at the hardware level they aren't even remotely related to SCSI.  At 
least theoretically, almost all modern hard drives could implement ASPI fairly 
easily (probably even easier than INT 13h), but they don't.

> I reiterate : ASPI is no substitute for disk BIOS (int 13h) functions,
> not the same level.

I think you are being deceived by appearances.  They are at the same level, 
though the approaches are very different.  INT 13h is relatively simple and 
specifically limited in scope to hard and floppy disks (what SCSI calls Direct 
Access Storage Devices or DASD).  SCSI/ASPI is much more flexible (and 
complicated), and can also do CD/DVD, tape drives, printers, scanners, etc.  
The basic functionality provided by SCSI/ASPI for DASD is really no different 
than what is provided by INT 13h (ascertain disk parameters, low-level 
formatting, basic diagnostics & resets, read/write/verify sectors).

> I think I see where the confusion arises, you are having your int
> 13/AH=51h extension in mind from your USBDRIVE, which indeed roughly
> corresponds to ASPI over USB. It's NOT 'int 13' thus, it's YOUR
> EXTENSION overloaded upon int 13, that is roughly at the same protocol
> level as ASPI.

You're correct that it is my extension, but that's not where the confusion 
arises.  My INT 13.51 doesn't ride on top of INT 13h, it is an extension to it. 
 It allows you to "talk SCSI" directly across the USB bus to the disk if you 
want/need to do something to the disk that INT 13h doesn't directly provide.  
It allows you to do this via the INT 13h interface that you use for everything 
else related to the disk, instead of needing to implement a completely 
different type of interface protocol (like ASPI).

You're also correct that it is an "alternative" to ASPI and provides 
approximately the same functionality using a different interface (but it is not 
a different layer than either ASPI or INT 13h).  As a comparison, look at 
Common Access Method (CAM), which was a "competitor" to ASPI in the early days 
of SCSI.

> MEANWHILE adopt my (lazy) point of view : that any formatting,
> and if necessary, maintenance, be done under another OS,
> e;g., under Linux or Windows XP.

"Meanwhile" being the key point here, as that is really your only option right 
now since DOS utilities can't do everything they should be able to do (at least 
not yet).  I personally don't want to always and forever be forced to use other 
OS's to do something DOS could do.

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