Same answer to both questions: Yes, of course there has to be an administrative 
override, but it too has to be protected.  A key ceremony is the accepted 
method.  A sufficient set of people from a sufficient set of places.  Needed to 
initiate key assignment, revoke, restore, etc.

Steve

Sent from my iPhone

> On Nov 13, 2025, at 9:42 AM, John R Levine <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> On Wed, 12 Nov 2025, Steve Crocker wrote:
>> If the change to each TLD's portion of the root zone required the active
>> participation of the TLD operator, and if the entire root zone were signed,
>> it would then be impossible for the USG to force a change to the (signed)
>> root.
> 
> If a poorly managed ccTLD loses its key, what happens?  Either their 
> delgation is frozen for all eternity, or there is some recovery scheme to 
> make changes without that key.  We several decades of blockchain failures to 
> tell us why the first option is out of the question.
> 
>> You argue the USG could require the USG root operators, E, G and H, to
>> simply not respond to queries for .ru, .su, ."rho phi" or the USG could
>> force distribution of a modified root zone that would be unsigned or have
>> an invalid the signature.  But I think everyone would quickly ignore the
>> unsigned or invalidly signed root zone and remove the E G and H roots from
>> their list of root servers.
> 
> I have less confidence that people pay that much attention to what they're 
> seeing, but I also think that the question is ill formed.  There's always 
> going to be an administrative override.
> 
> Regards,
> John Levine, [email protected], Taughannock Networks, Trumansburg NY
> Please consider the environment before reading this e-mail. https://jl.ly

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