Dear Armin,
maybe you can save the time generating all the diagnostic output I asked
for.
I'm not absolute sure about this point but based on my research it is
not possible to configure Back In Time (BIT) that way that it run "Every
Day" and at boot. "Every Day" do result in a crontab line like "0 12 * *
* cmd" (or another value for minute and hour). And as we know cron does
not catch up jobs.
My hypothesis is that you might have configured your Debian 11 machines
explicit and without using BIT in a way that the described behavior is
possible. You might have created an anacron job?
The behavior you describe for Debian 12 is usual and the expected. There
is nothing wrong with it.
Kind
Christian