shenyu0127 commented on code in PR #10594:
URL: https://github.com/apache/pinot/pull/10594#discussion_r1178587773


##########
pinot-core/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/core/operator/transform/function/CoalesceTransformFunction.java:
##########
@@ -35,15 +35,15 @@
 /**
  * The <code>CoalesceTransformFunction</code> implements the Coalesce operator.
  *
- * The results are first non-null value in the argument list.
+ * The results is first non-null value in the argument list.

Review Comment:
   nit: s/results/result



##########
pinot-core/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/core/operator/transform/function/CaseTransformFunction.java:
##########
@@ -241,226 +266,768 @@ public TransformResultMetadata getResultMetadata() {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Evaluate the ValueBlock for the WHEN statements, returns an array with the
-   * index(1 to N) of matched WHEN clause ordered by match priority, 0 means 
nothing
-   * matched, so go to ELSE.
+   * Evaluate the ValueBlock for the WHEN statements, returns an array with 
the index(1 to N) of matched WHEN clause
+   * -1 means there is no match.
    */
-  private int[] getSelectedArray(ValueBlock valueBlock) {
+  private int[] getSelectedArray(ValueBlock valueBlock, boolean 
nullHandlingEnabled) {
     int numDocs = valueBlock.getNumDocs();
     if (_selectedResults == null || _selectedResults.length < numDocs) {
       _selectedResults = new int[numDocs];
-    } else {
-      Arrays.fill(_selectedResults, 0, numDocs, 0);
-      Arrays.fill(_selections, false);
     }
+    Arrays.fill(_selectedResults, 0, numDocs, -1);
+    Arrays.fill(_selections, false);
+    BitSet unselectedDocs = new BitSet();
+    unselectedDocs.set(0, numDocs);
     int numWhenStatements = _whenStatements.size();
-    for (int i = numWhenStatements - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < numWhenStatements; i++) {
       TransformFunction whenStatement = _whenStatements.get(i);
-      int[] conditions = whenStatement.transformToIntValuesSV(valueBlock);
-      for (int j = 0; j < numDocs & j < conditions.length; j++) {
-        _selectedResults[j] = Math.max(conditions[j] * (i + 1), 
_selectedResults[j]);
+      int[] conditions = getWhenConditions(whenStatement, valueBlock, 
nullHandlingEnabled);
+      for (int docId = unselectedDocs.nextSetBit(0); docId >= 0; docId = 
unselectedDocs.nextSetBit(docId + 1)) {
+        if (conditions[docId] == 1) {
+          unselectedDocs.clear(docId);
+          _selectedResults[docId] = i;
+        }
+      }
+      if (unselectedDocs.isEmpty()) {
+        break;
       }
     }
     // try to prune clauses now
     for (int i = 0; i < numDocs; i++) {
-      _selections[_selectedResults[i]] = true;
-    }
-    int numSelections = 0;
-    for (boolean selection : _selections) {
-      if (selection) {
-        numSelections++;
+      if (_selectedResults[i] != -1) {
+        _selections[_selectedResults[i]] = true;
       }
     }
-    _numSelections = numSelections;
     return _selectedResults;
   }
 
+  // Returns an array of valueBlock length to indicate whether a row is 
selected or not.
+  // When nullHandlingEnabled is set to true, we also check whether the row is 
null and set to false if null.
+  private static int[] getWhenConditions(TransformFunction whenStatement, 
ValueBlock valueBlock,
+      boolean nullHandlingEnabled) {
+    if (!nullHandlingEnabled) {
+      return whenStatement.transformToIntValuesSV(valueBlock);
+    }
+    Pair<int[], RoaringBitmap> result = 
whenStatement.transformToIntValuesSVWithNull(valueBlock);
+    RoaringBitmap bitmap = result.getRight();
+    int[] intResult = result.getLeft();
+    if (bitmap != null) {
+      bitmap.forEach((IntConsumer) (i) -> {
+        if (bitmap.contains(i)) {
+          intResult[i] = 0;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return intResult;
+  }
+
   @Override
   public int[] transformToIntValuesSV(ValueBlock valueBlock) {
     if (_resultMetadata.getDataType().getStoredType() != DataType.INT) {
       return super.transformToIntValuesSV(valueBlock);
     }
-    int[] selected = getSelectedArray(valueBlock);
+    int[] selected = getSelectedArray(valueBlock, false);
     int numDocs = valueBlock.getNumDocs();
     initIntValuesSV(numDocs);
-    int numElseThenStatements = _elseThenStatements.size();
-    for (int i = 0; i < numElseThenStatements; i++) {
+    int numThenStatements = _thenStatements.size();
+    BitSet unselectedDocs = new BitSet();
+    unselectedDocs.set(0, numDocs);
+    for (int i = 0; i < numThenStatements; i++) {
       if (_selections[i]) {
-        TransformFunction transformFunction = _elseThenStatements.get(i);
+        TransformFunction transformFunction = _thenStatements.get(i);
         int[] intValues = transformFunction.transformToIntValuesSV(valueBlock);
-        if (_numSelections == 1) {
-          System.arraycopy(intValues, 0, _intValuesSV, 0, numDocs);
-        } else {
-          for (int j = 0; j < numDocs; j++) {
-            if (selected[j] == i) {
-              _intValuesSV[j] = intValues[j];
-            }
+        for (int docId = unselectedDocs.nextSetBit(0); docId >= 0; docId = 
unselectedDocs.nextSetBit(docId + 1)) {

Review Comment:
   ```
   BitSet unselectedDocs = new BitSet();
   unselectedDocs.set(0, numDocs);
   Map<Integer, int[]> thenStatementsIndexToValues = new HashMap<>();
   for (int i = 0; i < numThenStatements; i++) {
     if (_computeThenStatements[i]) {
       thenStatementsIndexToValues.put(i, 
_thenStatements.get(i).transformToIntValuesSV(valueBlock));
     }
   }
   for (int docId = 0; docId < numDocs; docId++) {
     if (selected[docId] >= 0) {
       _intValuesSV[docId] = 
thenStatementsIndexToValues.get(selected[docId])[docId];
       unselectedDocs.clear(docId);
     }
   }
   ```



##########
pinot-core/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/core/operator/transform/function/CaseTransformFunction.java:
##########
@@ -173,6 +190,7 @@ private TransformResultMetadata calculateResultMetadata() {
         case LONG:
           switch (thenStatementDataType) {
             case INT:
+            case UNKNOWN:

Review Comment:
   I see.



##########
pinot-core/src/main/java/org/apache/pinot/core/operator/transform/function/CoalesceTransformFunction.java:
##########
@@ -116,24 +108,24 @@ private int[] getIntTransformResults(ValueBlock 
valueBlock) {
     int width = _transformFunctions.length;
     RoaringBitmap[] nullBitMaps = getNullBitMaps(valueBlock, 
_transformFunctions);
     int[][] data = new int[width][length];
-    RoaringBitmap filledData = new RoaringBitmap();
+    BitSet filledData = new BitSet(); // indicates whether certain column has 
be filled in data.
     for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
       boolean hasNonNullValue = false;
       for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) {
         // Consider value as null only when null option is enabled.
         if (nullBitMaps[j] != null && nullBitMaps[j].contains(i)) {
           continue;
         }
-        if (!filledData.contains(j)) {
-          filledData.add(j);
+        if (!filledData.get(j)) {
+          filledData.set(j);
           data[j] = _transformFunctions[j].transformToIntValuesSV(valueBlock);
         }

Review Comment:
   The first suggestion has two purposes:
   
   - Initializing `int[][] data` as an int[] array of size `width` filled with 
`null` is more efficient.
   - The `data[j] == null` check is equivalent to the `!filledData.get(j)` 
check, so we don't need the `filledData`.
   



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