I was going to hold this back for after Thanksgiving, but I've been working
on a small project all year to track the costs of AMD and Intel systems.
I chose 3 AMD CPU models (4200+, 5000+, and 6000+) and 3 Intel
models (Cores 2: 2.33 GHz, 2.66 GHz and Quad-core 2.4 GHz). I then
chose a couple of memory configurations to see the effects of memory
fluctuations. The system configurations have everything - cases, DVD,
GigE switches (I used 2 GigE switches - one for computation and one
for storage), hard drives, cables, motherboards, etc. Only the head node
has hard drives and the compute nodes are all diskless.
The spreadsheet computes the total cost (including shipping) from the
component costs for systems from 1-8 nodes and a 16 node system
(I switched from 8-port GigE switches to 16-port GigE switches for
this last configuration).
I've been tracking the costs for these systems since about Feb. I've also
added the theoretical system performance (GFLOPS) so I can compute
$/GFLOPS as well as $/node, and $/core. I wish I had power estimates
though.
I've also been finding the $2,500 systems from this overall group. It's
fun to look at how many nodes you can get for $2,500 as the year
went along. I'm hoping to publish an article on ClusterMonkey later
this year with the data and the plots. It's actually quite interesting.
Think of it as finding the optimal system for $2,500.
The most interesting thing is that the best $/GFLOPS is the Intel
quad-core Q6600. But that shouldn't be too surprising since the
Intel chips have 4 ops/clock and the AMD's only have 2. On a
$/GFLOPS basis, the AMD's are about twice the cost of the cheapest
Intel system. But you generally get more nodes with AMD than
with Intel.
Doug thinks I'm nuts, but then again, I have to have a hobby :)
It's going to become even more interesting when the AMD quad-core
hits the desktop and when Penryn pops up.
Jeff
Peter,
Having some experience with low cost hardware, If you are
doing number crunching multi-core seems to provide the
best bang for buck. The following is the HPL performance that
you can get for $2500. The Kronos and Microwulf clusters
are detailed on http://clustermonkey.net, Norbert is the subject
of a November Linux Magazine article.
CPU
Cluster Name Clock Release HPL
Processor Speed (MHz) Date Performance
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Kronos/Sempron 2500+ (8) 1750 7/2004 14.90 GFLOPS (Atlas)
Microwulf/Athlon64 X2 3800+ (4) 2000 8/2005 26.25 GFLOPS (Goto)
Norbert/Core Duo E6550 (4) 2333 7/2007 45.55 GFLOPS (Goto)
If you draw a line (3 points I know) you get to 80 GFLOPS
by 2010. Actually with some tweaking I got Norbert
up to 47.7 HPL GFLOPS. And, notice I qaulify the performance
as "HPL GFLOPS" as YMMV.
With really low cost systems one important aspect is the
interconnect. The PCIe buses on low end motherboards allows
one to use inexpensive PCIe (Intel) Ethernet cards vs
32 PCI. Some of the on-board GigE implementations are
not very good.
--
Doug
Recently, probably you noticed, Walmart began selling a $200 linux PC.
(Apparently the OS is just Ubuntu 7.10 with a small xindow manager
instead of Gnome or KDE). Now Slashdot points to
http://www.linuxdevices.com/news/NS5305482907.html, the MB being sold
separately for $60 ("development board"). It has 1.5GHz CPU,
unpopulated memory (slots for 2GB), one 10/100 connection. Does this
look to y'all like fair FLOPS/$ for a kitchen project? I'm thinking 6
of them as compute nodes per 8 port router, with a bigger head node
for fileserving. (actually I'll use a spare room but you know what I
mean). An arrangement like this might be faster RAM access per core,
compared to multicore, since each core has no competition for is't own
memory, right?
Thanks,
Peter
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