It's all to do with which GPU the port is physically wired to. In most
cases it's the Intel chipset wired to USB-C (and the laptop panel), so
any monitor connected to that shows up as directly connected to the
Intel GPU. In most cases on a dual GPU laptop, the HDMI port is wired to
the discrete (Nvidia) GPU.

"In most cases" doesn't mean in all cases. You can get an idea by
running:

  grep . /sys/class/drm/*/status

to see which graphics "card" each port is wired to.

Also, the frame copy is just a mutter/gnome-shell design limitation.
It's possible other desktop environments can composite on each GPU
equally without copying, and that's something GNOME aspires to
supporting in future.

-- 
You received this bug notification because you are a member of Ubuntu-X,
which is subscribed to mesa in Ubuntu.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2107684

Title:
  25.04 boots up to a black screen, both built-in and external monitors

To manage notifications about this bug go to:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mesa/+bug/2107684/+subscriptions


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