Thank you for your very quick and helpful guidance, Daniel. I will sleep
far easier in the future, my eyes now spared from blue light! The
contents of prevboot.txt contained the following pertinent excerpt:

/usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[1415]: Data incomplete in file 
/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/30-touchpad.conf
/usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[1415]:         InputDevice section "Touchpad" must 
have a Driver line.
/usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[1415]: (EE) Problem parsing the config file
/usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[1415]: (EE) Error parsing the config file
/usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[1415]: (EE)
/usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[1415]: Fatal server error:
/usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[1415]: (EE) no screens found(EE)
/usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[1415]: (EE)
/usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[1415]: Please consult the The X.Org Foundation 
support
usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[1415]:          at http://wiki.x.org
/usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[1415]:  for help.
/usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[1415]: (EE) Please also check the log file at 
"/var/lib/gdm3/.local/share/xorg/Xorg.0.log" for add     itional information.
/usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[1415]: (EE)
/usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[1415]: (EE) Server terminated with error (1). 
Closing log file.

I followed this advice and added a Driver "synaptics" line to
/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/30-touchpad.conf. I also ran sudo apt install
xserver-xorg-input-synaptics and then rebooted successfully into X11. My
speculation is that the version of X11 in use on Ubuntu 21.10 probably
warned rather than crashed when the driver was not specified, most
likely defaulting to synaptics. I suspect that when I upgraded to Ubuntu
22.04, the new version of X11 I received made specifying the driver
mandatory. Wayland requires the libinput driver, and the synaptics
driver presumably is no longer even installed by default. The one
remaining mystery to me is that the gear to switch between X11 and
Wayland still doesn't show up at the login screen.

-- 
You received this bug notification because you are a member of Ubuntu-X,
which is subscribed to xorg-server in Ubuntu.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1977695

Title:
  Black Screen on Boot with X11

To manage notifications about this bug go to:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xorg-server/+bug/1977695/+subscriptions


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