Thank you for the review.

I agree that a read-only root filesystem can indicate disk or filesystem
errors. However, I do not believe that is what is happening here.

On every boot:

   - gdm.service fails because /usr/share/gdm/generate-config reports:

install: /var/lib: chmod failed with error Read-only file system


   - Immediately afterwards, from a TTY, I can execute:

mount -o remount,rw /
systemctl restart gdm


   - GDM starts successfully and the system operates normally.

The kernel log does not contain the usual EXT4 messages indicating that the
filesystem was remounted read-only due to errors (for example EXT4-fs error,
Aborting journal, or Remounting filesystem read-only).

In addition, a systemd override that executes:

ExecStartPre=/bin/mount -o remount,rw /

before generate-config makes every boot succeed.

This suggests a boot-time remount or ordering problem rather than a
permanent filesystem failure.

If there are additional diagnostics you would like me to collect to
distinguish between these possibilities, I would be happy to provide them.

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/2161707

Title:
  GDM fails to start at boot

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